Antimony – Wikipedia<\/title>\n<script>document.documentElement.className=document.documentElement.className.replace(\/(^|\\s)client-nojs(\\s|$)\/,\"$1client-js$2\");RLCONF={\"wgCanonicalNamespace\":\"\",\"wgCanonicalSpecialPageName\":!1,\"wgNamespaceNumber\":0,\"wgPageName\":\"Antimony\",\"wgTitle\":\"Antimony\",\"wgCurRevisionId\":910247224,\"wgRevisionId\":910247224,\"wgArticleId\":898,\"wgIsArticle\":!0,\"wgIsRedirect\":!1,\"wgAction\":\"view\",\"wgUserName\":null,\"wgUserGroups\":[\"*\"],\"wgCategories\":[\"CS1 German-language sources (de)\",\"CS1 French-language sources (fr)\",\"Webarchive template wayback links\",\"CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)\",\"Use dmy dates from July 2011\",\"Good articles\",\"Articles with short description\",\"Articles containing Latin-language text\",\"All articles with unsourced statements\",\"Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013\",\"Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers\",\"Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers\",\"Wikipedia 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rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\"\/>\n<link rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"\/\/login.wikimedia.org\"\/>\n<link rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"\/\/meta.wikimedia.org\" \/>\n\n<\/head>\n<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Antimony rootpage-Antimony skin-vector action-view\">\n<div id=\"mw-page-base\" class=\"noprint\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"mw-head-base\" class=\"noprint\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t<a id=\"top\"><\/a>\n\t<div id=\"siteNotice\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"mw-indicators mw-body-content\">\n<div id=\"mw-indicator-good-star\" class=\"mw-indicator\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Good_articles\" title=\"This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/94\/Symbol_support_vote.svg\/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"19\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/94\/Symbol_support_vote.svg\/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/94\/Symbol_support_vote.svg\/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"180\" data-file-height=\"185\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\">Antimony\u6216\u8005Stibium(Sb)\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u201c\u9511\u201d<\/h1>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"jump-to-nav\"><\/div>\n\t\t<a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"#mw-head\">Jump to navigation<\/a>\n\t\t<a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"#p-search\">Jump to search<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">This article is about the element. For other uses, see <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_(disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"Antimony (disambiguation)\">Antimony (disambiguation)<\/a>.<\/div>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">chemical element with atomic number 51<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Chemical element with atomic number 51<\/div><table class=\"infobox\" style=\"width:22em\"><caption>Antimony, 51<\/span><\/sub>Sb<\/span><\/caption><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-4.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Antimony-4.jpg\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Antimony-4.jpg\/220px-Antimony-4.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Antimony-4.jpg\/330px-Antimony-4.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Antimony-4.jpg\/440px-Antimony-4.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"540\" data-file-height=\"540\" \/><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Antimony<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Pronunciation<\/th><td><div class=\"plainlist\" style=\"margin: 0; text-align: left;\"><ul><li style=\"margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/British_English\" title=\"British English\">UK<\/a>: <\/small><a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/English\" title=\"Help:IPA\/English\">\/\u02c8<\/span>\u00e6<\/span>n<\/span>t<\/span>\u026a<\/span>m<\/span>\u0259<\/span>n<\/span>i<\/span><\/span>\/<\/a><\/span><\/span> (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key\" title=\"Help:Pronunciation respelling key\">AN<\/span>-tih-m\u0259-nee<\/i><\/a>)<\/li><li style=\"margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/American_English\" title=\"American English\">US<\/a>: <\/small><a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/English\" title=\"Help:IPA\/English\">\/\u02c8<\/span>\u00e6<\/span>n<\/span>t<\/span>\u026a<\/span>m<\/span>o\u028a<\/span>n<\/span>i<\/span><\/span>\/<\/a><\/span><\/span> (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key\" title=\"Help:Pronunciation respelling key\">AN<\/span>-tih-moh-nee<\/i><\/a>)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Appearance<\/th><td>silvery lustrous gray<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Standard_atomic_weight\" title=\"Standard atomic weight\">Standard atomic weight<\/a><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886047488\">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}<\/style> A<\/i>r, std<\/sub>(Sb)<\/span><\/th><td><\/span>121.760(1)<\/span><a href=\"#cite_note-CIAAW2013-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Antimony in the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Periodic_table\" title=\"Periodic table\">periodic table<\/a><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<td>\n<table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<td style=\"border:none; width:5px\"><div style=\"background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;\">\n<table style=\"empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrogen\" title=\"Hydrogen\">Hydrogen<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"30\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Helium\" title=\"Helium\">Helium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lithium\" title=\"Lithium\">Lithium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Beryllium\" title=\"Beryllium\">Beryllium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"24\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Boron\" title=\"Boron\">Boron<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Carbon\" title=\"Carbon\">Carbon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nitrogen\" title=\"Nitrogen\">Nitrogen<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxygen\" title=\"Oxygen\">Oxygen<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Fluorine\" title=\"Fluorine\">Fluorine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neon\" title=\"Neon\">Neon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Sodium\" title=\"Sodium\">Sodium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Magnesium\" title=\"Magnesium\">Magnesium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"24\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Aluminium\" title=\"Aluminium\">Aluminium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Silicon\" title=\"Silicon\">Silicon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Phosphorus\" title=\"Phosphorus\">Phosphorus<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Sulfur\" title=\"Sulfur\">Sulfur<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chlorine\" title=\"Chlorine\">Chlorine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Argon\" title=\"Argon\">Argon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Potassium\" title=\"Potassium\">Potassium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Calcium\" title=\"Calcium\">Calcium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Scandium\" title=\"Scandium\">Scandium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"14\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Titanium\" title=\"Titanium\">Titanium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Vanadium\" title=\"Vanadium\">Vanadium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chromium\" title=\"Chromium\">Chromium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Manganese\" title=\"Manganese\">Manganese<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iron\" title=\"Iron\">Iron<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cobalt\" title=\"Cobalt\">Cobalt<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nickel\" title=\"Nickel\">Nickel<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Copper\" title=\"Copper\">Copper<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Zinc\" title=\"Zinc\">Zinc<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gallium\" title=\"Gallium\">Gallium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Germanium\" title=\"Germanium\">Germanium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">Arsenic<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Selenium\" title=\"Selenium\">Selenium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bromine\" title=\"Bromine\">Bromine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Krypton\" title=\"Krypton\">Krypton<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rubidium\" title=\"Rubidium\">Rubidium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Strontium\" title=\"Strontium\">Strontium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Yttrium\" title=\"Yttrium\">Yttrium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;; width:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"13\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Zirconium\" title=\"Zirconium\">Zirconium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Niobium\" title=\"Niobium\">Niobium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Molybdenum\" title=\"Molybdenum\">Molybdenum<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Technetium\" title=\"Technetium\">Technetium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ruthenium\" title=\"Ruthenium\">Ruthenium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rhodium\" title=\"Rhodium\">Rhodium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Palladium\" title=\"Palladium\">Palladium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Silver\" title=\"Silver\">Silver<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cadmium\" title=\"Cadmium\">Cadmium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Indium\" title=\"Indium\">Indium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">Tin<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Antimony<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium\" title=\"Tellurium\">Tellurium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iodine\" title=\"Iodine\">Iodine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Xenon\" title=\"Xenon\">Xenon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Caesium\" title=\"Caesium\">Caesium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Barium\" title=\"Barium\">Barium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lanthanum\" title=\"Lanthanum\">Lanthanum<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cerium\" title=\"Cerium\">Cerium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Praseodymium\" title=\"Praseodymium\">Praseodymium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neodymium\" title=\"Neodymium\">Neodymium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Promethium\" title=\"Promethium\">Promethium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Samarium\" title=\"Samarium\">Samarium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Europium\" title=\"Europium\">Europium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gadolinium\" title=\"Gadolinium\">Gadolinium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Terbium\" title=\"Terbium\">Terbium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Dysprosium\" title=\"Dysprosium\">Dysprosium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Holmium\" title=\"Holmium\">Holmium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Erbium\" title=\"Erbium\">Erbium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thulium\" title=\"Thulium\">Thulium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ytterbium\" title=\"Ytterbium\">Ytterbium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lutetium\" title=\"Lutetium\">Lutetium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hafnium\" title=\"Hafnium\">Hafnium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tantalum\" title=\"Tantalum\">Tantalum<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tungsten\" title=\"Tungsten\">Tungsten<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rhenium\" title=\"Rhenium\">Rhenium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Osmium\" title=\"Osmium\">Osmium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iridium\" title=\"Iridium\">Iridium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Platinum\" title=\"Platinum\">Platinum<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gold\" title=\"Gold\">Gold<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mercury_(element)\" title=\"Mercury (element)\">Mercury (element)<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thallium\" title=\"Thallium\">Thallium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">Lead<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bismuth\" title=\"Bismuth\">Bismuth<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">Polonium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Astatine\" title=\"Astatine\">Astatine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radon\" title=\"Radon\">Radon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Francium\" title=\"Francium\">Francium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">Radium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Actinium\" title=\"Actinium\">Actinium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thorium\" title=\"Thorium\">Thorium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Protactinium\" title=\"Protactinium\">Protactinium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Uranium\" title=\"Uranium\">Uranium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neptunium\" title=\"Neptunium\">Neptunium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Plutonium\" title=\"Plutonium\">Plutonium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Americium\" title=\"Americium\">Americium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Curium\" title=\"Curium\">Curium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Berkelium\" title=\"Berkelium\">Berkelium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Californium\" title=\"Californium\">Californium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Einsteinium\" title=\"Einsteinium\">Einsteinium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Fermium\" title=\"Fermium\">Fermium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mendelevium\" title=\"Mendelevium\">Mendelevium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nobelium\" title=\"Nobelium\">Nobelium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lawrencium\" title=\"Lawrencium\">Lawrencium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rutherfordium\" title=\"Rutherfordium\">Rutherfordium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Dubnium\" title=\"Dubnium\">Dubnium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Seaborgium\" title=\"Seaborgium\">Seaborgium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bohrium\" title=\"Bohrium\">Bohrium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hassium\" title=\"Hassium\">Hassium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Meitnerium\" title=\"Meitnerium\">Meitnerium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Darmstadtium\" title=\"Darmstadtium\">Darmstadtium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Roentgenium\" title=\"Roentgenium\">Roentgenium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Copernicium\" title=\"Copernicium\">Copernicium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nihonium\" title=\"Nihonium\">Nihonium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Flerovium\" title=\"Flerovium\">Flerovium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Moscovium\" title=\"Moscovium\">Moscovium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Livermorium\" title=\"Livermorium\">Livermorium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tennessine\" title=\"Tennessine\">Tennessine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oganesson\" title=\"Oganesson\">Oganesson<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">As<\/a> \u2191 Sb<\/strong> \u2193 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bismuth\" title=\"Bismuth\">Bi<\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" class=\"nowrap\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">tin<\/a> \u2190 antimony<\/strong> \u2192 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium\" title=\"Tellurium\">tellurium<\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Atomic_number\" title=\"Atomic number\">Atomic number<\/a> (Z<\/i>)<\/span><\/span><\/th><td>51<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_(periodic_table)\" title=\"Group (periodic table)\">Group<\/a><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Pnictogen\" title=\"Pnictogen\">group 15 (pnictogens)<\/a><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_(periodic_table)\" title=\"Period (periodic table)\">Period<\/a><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_5\" title=\"Period (periodic table)\">period 5<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Block_(periodic_table)\" title=\"Block (periodic table)\">Block<\/a><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/P-block\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"P-block\">p-block<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Names_for_sets_of_chemical_elements#Category\" title=\"Names for sets of chemical elements\">Element category<\/a><\/th><td> <\/span> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Metalloid\" title=\"Metalloid\">Metalloid<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Electron_configuration\" title=\"Electron configuration\">Electron configuration<\/a><\/th><td>[<a href=\"\/wiki\/Krypton\" title=\"Krypton\">Kr<\/a>] 4d10<\/sup> 5s2<\/sup> 5p3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><div style=\"font-weight:normal;\">Electrons per shell<\/div><\/th><td>2, 8, 18, 18, 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Physical properties<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Phase_(matter)\" title=\"Phase (matter)\">Phase<\/a> <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"\/>at <a href=\"\/wiki\/Standard_conditions_for_temperature_and_pressure\" title=\"Standard conditions for temperature and pressure\">STP<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Solid\" title=\"Solid\">solid<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Melting_point\" title=\"Melting point\">Melting point<\/a><\/th><td>903.78 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Kelvin\" title=\"Kelvin\">K<\/a> (630.63 \u00b0C, 1167.13 \u00b0F) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Boiling_point\" title=\"Boiling point\">Boiling point<\/a><\/th><td>1908 K (1635 \u00b0C, 2975 \u00b0F) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Density\" title=\"Density\">Density<\/a> (near <abbr title=\"room temperature\">r.t.<\/abbr>)<\/span><\/th><td>6.697 g\/cm3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">when liquid (at <abbr title=\"melting point\">m.p.<\/abbr>)<\/span><\/th><td>6.53 g\/cm3<\/sup> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Enthalpy_of_fusion\" title=\"Enthalpy of fusion\">Heat of fusion<\/a><\/th><td>19.79 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Kilojoule_per_mole\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kilojoule per mole\">kJ\/mol<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Enthalpy_of_vaporization\" title=\"Enthalpy of vaporization\">Heat of vaporization<\/a><\/th><td>193.43 kJ\/mol <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Molar_heat_capacity\" title=\"Molar heat capacity\">Molar heat capacity<\/a><\/th><td>25.23 J\/(mol\u00b7K) <\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Vapor_pressure\" title=\"Vapor pressure\">Vapor pressure<\/b><\/a><div style=\"margin:0 auto;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<th><abbr title=\"Pressure (in Pascal)\">P<\/i><\/abbr> (Pa)<\/span>\n<\/th>\n<th>1\n<\/th>\n<th>10\n<\/th>\n<th>100\n<\/th>\n<th>1 k\n<\/th>\n<th>10 k\n<\/th>\n<th>100 k\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>at <abbr title=\"Temperature (in kelvins)\">T<\/i><\/abbr> (K)<\/span>\n<\/th>\n<td>807\n<\/td>\n<td>876\n<\/td>\n<td>1011\n<\/td>\n<td>1219\n<\/td>\n<td>1491\n<\/td>\n<td>1858\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Atomic properties<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxidation_state\" title=\"Oxidation state\">Oxidation states<\/a><\/th><td>\u22123<\/b><\/span>, \u22122, \u22121, +1, +2, +3<\/b><\/span>, +4, +5<\/b><\/span> (an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Amphoterism\" title=\"Amphoterism\">amphoteric<\/a> oxide)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Electronegativity\" title=\"Electronegativity\">Electronegativity<\/a><\/th><td>Pauling scale: 2.05 <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ionization_energy\" title=\"Ionization energy\">Ionization energies<\/a><\/th><td><div class=\"plainlist\"><ul><li>1st: 834 kJ\/mol <\/li><li>2nd: 1594.9 kJ\/mol <\/li><li>3rd: 2440 kJ\/mol <\/li><li>(<a href=\"\/wiki\/Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements#antimony\" title=\"Molar ionization energies of the elements\">more<\/a>) <\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Atomic_radius\" title=\"Atomic radius\">Atomic radius<\/a><\/th><td>empirical: 140 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Picometre\" title=\"Picometre\">pm<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Covalent_radius\" title=\"Covalent radius\">Covalent radius<\/a><\/th><td>139\u00b15 pm <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Van_der_Waals_radius\" title=\"Van der Waals radius\">Van der Waals radius<\/a><\/th><td>206 pm <\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\"><div class=\"center\"><div class=\"floatnone\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\" class=\"image\" title=\"Color lines in a spectral range\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Color lines in a spectral range\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\/240px-Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"41\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\/360px-Antimony_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\/480px-Antimony_spectrum_visible.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"7430\" data-file-height=\"1280\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><a href=\"\/wiki\/Spectral_line\" title=\"Spectral line\">Spectral lines<\/a> of antimony<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Other properties<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Natural occurrence<\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Primordial_nuclide\" title=\"Primordial nuclide\">primordial<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Crystal_structure\" title=\"Crystal structure\">Crystal structure<\/a><\/th><td> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Trigonal_crystal_system\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Trigonal crystal system\">rhombohedral<\/a><div style=\"float:right;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Rhombohedral.svg\" class=\"image\" title=\"Rhombohedral crystal structure for antimony\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rhombohedral crystal structure for antimony\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Rhombohedral.svg\/50px-Rhombohedral.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"51\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Rhombohedral.svg\/75px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Rhombohedral.svg\/100px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"139\" data-file-height=\"141\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Speed_of_sound\" title=\"Speed of sound\">Speed of sound<\/a> thin rod<\/span><\/th><td>3420 m\/s (at 20 \u00b0C) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Coefficient of thermal expansion\">Thermal expansion<\/a><\/th><td>11 \u00b5m\/(m\u00b7K) (at 25 \u00b0C) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thermal_conductivity\" title=\"Thermal conductivity\">Thermal conductivity<\/a><\/th><td>24.4 W\/(m\u00b7K) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity\" title=\"Electrical resistivity and conductivity\">Electrical resistivity<\/a><\/th><td>417 n\u03a9\u00b7m (at 20 \u00b0C) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Magnetism\" title=\"Magnetism\">Magnetic ordering<\/a><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Diamagnetic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Diamagnetic\">diamagnetic<\/a><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Magnetic_susceptibility\" title=\"Magnetic susceptibility\">Magnetic susceptibility<\/a><\/th><td>−99.0\u00b710\u22126<\/sup> cm3<\/sup>\/mol<a href=\"#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Young%27s_modulus\" title=\"Young's modulus\">Young’s modulus<\/a><\/th><td>55 GPa <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Shear_modulus\" title=\"Shear modulus\">Shear modulus<\/a><\/th><td>20 GPa <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bulk_modulus\" title=\"Bulk modulus\">Bulk modulus<\/a><\/th><td>42 GPa <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness\" title=\"Mohs scale of mineral hardness\">Mohs hardness<\/a><\/th><td>3.0 <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Brinell_hardness_test\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Brinell hardness test\">Brinell hardness<\/a><\/th><td>294\u2013384 MPa <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/CAS_Registry_Number\" title=\"CAS Registry Number\">CAS Number<\/a><\/th><td>7440-36-0 <\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">History<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries\" title=\"Timeline of chemical element discoveries\">Discovery<\/a><\/th><td>before 800 CE<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Main <a href=\"\/wiki\/Isotopes_of_antimony\" title=\"Isotopes of antimony\">isotopes of antimony<\/a><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" cellpadding=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Isotope\" title=\"Isotope\">Isotope<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Natural_abundance\" title=\"Natural abundance\">Abundance<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Half-life\" title=\"Half-life\">Half-life<\/a> <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"\/>(t<\/i>1\/2<\/sub>)<\/span>\n<\/th>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radioactive_decay\" title=\"Radioactive decay\">Decay mode<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Decay_product\" title=\"Decay product\">Product<\/a>\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align:right;\">121<\/sup>Sb\n<\/th>\n<td style=\"text-align:right\">57.21%\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Stable_isotope\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Stable isotope\">stable<\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align:right;\">123<\/sup>Sb\n<\/th>\n<td style=\"text-align:right\">42.79%\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:center;\">stable\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align:right;\">125<\/sup>Sb\n<\/th>\n<td style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Synthetic_radioisotope\" title=\"Synthetic radioisotope\">syn<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">2.7582 y\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Beta_emission\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Beta emission\">\u03b2\u2212<\/sup><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium-125\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Tellurium-125\">125<\/sup>Te<\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"noprint\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\"><div class=\"plainlinks hlist navbar\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template:Infobox_antimony\" title=\"Template:Infobox antimony\">view<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template_talk:Infobox_antimony\" title=\"Template talk:Infobox antimony\">talk<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_antimony&action=edit\">edit<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div> | <a href=\"\/wiki\/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements\" title=\"List of data references for chemical elements\">references<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\nAntimony<\/b> is a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Chemical_element\" title=\"Chemical element\">chemical element<\/a> with the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Symbol_(chemistry)\" title=\"Symbol (chemistry)\">symbol<\/a> Sb<\/b> (from <a href=\"\/wiki\/Latin_language\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Latin language\">Latin<\/a>: stibium<\/i>) and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Atomic_number\" title=\"Atomic number\">atomic number<\/a> 51. A lustrous gray <a href=\"\/wiki\/Metalloid\" title=\"Metalloid\">metalloid<\/a>, it is found in nature mainly as the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sulfide_mineral\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Sulfide mineral\">sulfide mineral<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">stibnite<\/a> (Sb2<\/sub>S3<\/sub>). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Kohl_(cosmetics)\" title=\"Kohl (cosmetics)\">kohl<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> Metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">lead<\/a> upon its discovery. The earliest known description of the metal in the West was written in 1540 by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Vannoccio_Biringuccio\" title=\"Vannoccio Biringuccio\">Vannoccio Biringuccio<\/a>.\n<\/p>For some time, China has been the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Xikuangshan_Mine\" title=\"Xikuangshan Mine\">Xikuangshan Mine<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hunan\" title=\"Hunan\">Hunan<\/a>. The industrial methods for refining antimony are roasting and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Carbothermic_reaction\" title=\"Carbothermic reaction\">reduction with carbon<\/a> or direct reduction of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">stibnite<\/a> with iron.\n<\/p>The largest applications for metallic antimony are an alloy with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">lead<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">tin<\/a> and the lead antimony plates in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery\" title=\"Lead\u2013acid battery\">lead\u2013acid batteries<\/a>. Alloys of lead and tin with antimony have improved properties for <a href=\"\/wiki\/Solder\" title=\"Solder\">solders<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bullet\" title=\"Bullet\">bullets<\/a>, and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Plain_bearing\" title=\"Plain bearing\">plain bearings<\/a>. Antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine and bromine-containing <a href=\"\/wiki\/Fire_retardant\" title=\"Fire retardant\">fire retardants<\/a> found in many commercial and domestic products. An emerging application is the use of antimony in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Microelectronics\" title=\"Microelectronics\">microelectronics<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\" \/><div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><h2>Contents<\/h2><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Characteristics\">1<\/span> Characteristics<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Properties\">1.1<\/span> Properties<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Isotopes\">1.2<\/span> Isotopes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Occurrence\">1.3<\/span> Occurrence<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Compounds\">2<\/span> Compounds<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Oxides_and_hydroxides\">2.1<\/span> Oxides and hydroxides<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Halides\">2.2<\/span> Halides<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Antimonides,_hydrides,_and_organoantimony_compounds\">2.3<\/span> Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#History\">3<\/span> History<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Etymology\">3.1<\/span> Etymology<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Production\">4<\/span> Production<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Top_producers_and_production_volumes\">4.1<\/span> Top producers and production volumes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Reserves\">4.2<\/span> Reserves<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Production_process\">4.3<\/span> Production process<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Supply_risk_and_critical_mineral_rankings\">4.4<\/span> Supply risk and critical mineral rankings<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Europe\">4.4.1<\/span> Europe<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#U.S.\">4.4.2<\/span> U.S.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Applications\">5<\/span> Applications<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#Flame_retardants\">5.1<\/span> Flame retardants<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#Alloys\">5.2<\/span> Alloys<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#Other_applications\">5.3<\/span> Other applications<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#Precautions\">6<\/span> Precautions<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-23\"><a href=\"#Toxicity\">6.1<\/span> Toxicity<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-24\"><a href=\"#See_also\">7<\/span> See also<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-25\"><a href=\"#Notes\">8<\/span> Notes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-26\"><a href=\"#References\">9<\/span> References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-27\"><a href=\"#Bibliography\">10<\/span> Bibliography<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-28\"><a href=\"#External_links\">11<\/span> External links<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Characteristics<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Characteristics\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>Properties<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Properties\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimon.PNG\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A clear vial containing small chunks of a slightly lustrous black solid, labeled "Sb".\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Antimon.PNG\/220px-Antimon.PNG\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"72\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Antimon.PNG\/330px-Antimon.PNG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Antimon.PNG\/440px-Antimon.PNG 2x\" data-file-width=\"601\" data-file-height=\"198\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimon.PNG\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>A vial containing the black <a href=\"\/wiki\/Allotrope\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Allotrope\">allotrope<\/a> of antimony<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_massive.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"An irregular piece of silvery stone with spots of variation in lustre and shade.\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Antimony_massive.jpg\/220px-Antimony_massive.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"206\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Antimony_massive.jpg\/330px-Antimony_massive.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Antimony_massive.jpg\/440px-Antimony_massive.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"494\" data-file-height=\"462\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_massive.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>Native antimony with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Redox\" title=\"Redox\">oxidation<\/a> products<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:SbAs_lattice.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ec\/SbAs_lattice.png\/220px-SbAs_lattice.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ec\/SbAs_lattice.png\/330px-SbAs_lattice.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ec\/SbAs_lattice.png\/440px-SbAs_lattice.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1130\" data-file-height=\"846\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:SbAs_lattice.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>Crystal structure common to Sb, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibarsen\" title=\"Stibarsen\">AsSb<\/a> and gray As<\/div><\/div><\/div>\nAntimony is a member of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_(periodic_table)\" title=\"Group (periodic table)\">group 15<\/a> of the periodic table, one of the elements called <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pnictogen\" title=\"Pnictogen\">pnictogens<\/a>, and has an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Electronegativity\" title=\"Electronegativity\">electronegativity<\/a> of 2.05. In accordance with periodic trends, it is more electronegative than <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">tin<\/a> or <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bismuth\" title=\"Bismuth\">bismuth<\/a>, and less electronegative than <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium\" title=\"Tellurium\">tellurium<\/a> or <a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">arsenic<\/a>. Antimony is stable in air at room temperature, but reacts with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxygen\" title=\"Oxygen\">oxygen<\/a> if heated to produce <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">antimony trioxide<\/a>, Sb2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:758<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>Antimony is a silvery, lustrous gray metalloid with a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Mohs_scale\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mohs scale\">Mohs scale<\/a> hardness of 3, which is too soft to make hard objects; coins of antimony were issued in China’s <a href=\"\/wiki\/Guizhou\" title=\"Guizhou\">Guizhou<\/a> province in 1931 but the durability was poor and the minting was soon discontinued.<a href=\"#cite_note-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony is resistant to attack by acids.\n<\/p>Four <a href=\"\/wiki\/Allotropy\" title=\"Allotropy\">allotropes<\/a> of antimony are known: a stable metallic form and three metastable forms (explosive, black and yellow). Elemental antimony is a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Brittle\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Brittle\">brittle<\/a>, silver-white shiny metalloid. When slowly cooled, molten antimony crystallizes in a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Trigonal\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Trigonal\">trigonal<\/a> cell, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Isomorphic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Isomorphic\">isomorphic<\/a> with the gray allotrope of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">arsenic<\/a>. A rare <a href=\"\/wiki\/Explosive_form_of_antimony\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Explosive form of antimony\">explosive form of antimony<\/a> can be formed from the electrolysis of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trichloride\" title=\"Antimony trichloride\">antimony trichloride<\/a>. When scratched with a sharp implement, an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Exothermic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Exothermic\">exothermic<\/a> reaction occurs and white fumes are given off as metallic antimony forms; when rubbed with a pestle in a mortar, a strong detonation occurs. Black antimony is formed upon rapid cooling of antimony vapor. It has the same crystal structure as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Red_phosphorus\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Red phosphorus\">red phosphorus<\/a> and black arsenic, it oxidizes in air and may ignite spontaneously. At 100 \u00b0C, it gradually transforms into the stable form. The yellow allotrope of antimony is the most unstable. It has only been generated by oxidation of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibine\" title=\"Stibine\">stibine<\/a> (SbH3<\/sub>) at \u221290 \u00b0C. Above this temperature and in ambient light, this <a href=\"\/wiki\/Metastability\" title=\"Metastability\">metastable<\/a> allotrope transforms into the more stable black allotrope.<a href=\"#cite_note-kirk-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-cww-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Elemental antimony adopts a layered structure (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Space_group\" title=\"Space group\">space group<\/a> R3<\/span>m No. 166) in which layers consist of fused, ruffled, six-membered rings. The nearest and next-nearest neighbors form an irregular octahedral complex, with the three atoms in each double layer slightly closer than the three atoms in the next. This relatively close packing leads to a high density of 6.697 g\/cm3<\/sup>, but the weak bonding between the layers leads to the low hardness and brittleness of antimony.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:758<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Isotopes<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Isotopes\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"\/wiki\/Isotopes_of_antimony\" title=\"Isotopes of antimony\">Isotopes of antimony<\/a><\/div>\nAntimony has two stable <a href=\"\/wiki\/Isotope\" title=\"Isotope\">isotopes<\/a>: 121<\/sup>Sb with a natural abundance of 57.36% and 123<\/sup>Sb with a natural abundance of 42.64%. It also has 35 radioisotopes, of which the longest-lived is 125<\/sup>Sb with a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Half-life\" title=\"Half-life\">half-life<\/a> of 2.75 years. In addition, 29 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Nuclear_isomer\" title=\"Nuclear isomer\">metastable<\/a> states have been characterized. The most stable of these is 120m1<\/sup>Sb with a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Half-life\" title=\"Half-life\">half-life<\/a> of 5.76 days. Isotopes that are lighter than the stable 123<\/sup>Sb tend to decay by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Beta_decay\" title=\"Beta decay\">\u03b2+<\/sup> decay<\/a>, and those that are heavier tend to decay by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Beta_decay\" title=\"Beta decay\">\u03b2\u2212<\/sup> decay<\/a>, with some exceptions.<a href=\"#cite_note-NUBASE-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Occurrence<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Occurrence\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Antimonide_minerals\" title=\"Category:Antimonide minerals\">Category:Antimonide minerals<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Antimonate_minerals\" title=\"Category:Antimonate minerals\">Category:Antimonate minerals<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Stibnite.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Stibnite.jpg\/220px-Stibnite.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"157\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Stibnite.jpg\/330px-Stibnite.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Stibnite.jpg\/440px-Stibnite.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"2268\" data-file-height=\"1614\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Stibnite.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div><a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">Stibnite<\/a>,China CM29287 Carnegie Museum of Natural History specimen on display in Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems<\/div><\/div><\/div>\nThe abundance of antimony in the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Earth\" title=\"Earth\">Earth<\/a>‘s crust is estimated to be 0.2 to 0.5 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Part_per_million\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Part per million\">parts per million<\/a>, comparable to <a href=\"\/wiki\/Thallium\" title=\"Thallium\">thallium<\/a> at 0.5 parts per million and silver at 0.07 ppm.<a href=\"#cite_note-usgs-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> Even though this element is not abundant, it is found in more than 100 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Mineral\" title=\"Mineral\">mineral<\/a> species. Antimony is sometimes found natively (e.g. on <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_Peak\" title=\"Antimony Peak\">Antimony Peak<\/a>), but more frequently it is found in the sulfide <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">stibnite<\/a> (Sb2<\/sub>S3<\/sub>) which is the predominant ore <a href=\"\/wiki\/Mineral\" title=\"Mineral\">mineral<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-usgs-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Compounds<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Compounds\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Antimony_compounds\" title=\"Category:Antimony compounds\">Category:Antimony compounds<\/a><\/div>\nAntimony compounds are often classified according to their oxidation state: Sb(III) and Sb(V).<a href=\"#cite_note-Greenwood-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> The +5 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxidation_state\" title=\"Oxidation state\">oxidation state<\/a> is more stable.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Oxides and hydroxides<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=6\" title=\"Edit section: Oxides and hydroxides\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">Antimony trioxide<\/a> is formed when antimony is burnt in air.<a href=\"#cite_note-reger2009-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup> In the gas phase, the molecule of the compound is Sb<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span><\/span>, but it polymerizes upon condensing.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentoxide\" title=\"Antimony pentoxide\">Antimony pentoxide<\/a> (Sb<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 10<\/sub><\/span><\/span>) can be formed only by oxidation with concentrated <a href=\"\/wiki\/Nitric_acid\" title=\"Nitric acid\">nitric acid<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-house-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony also forms a mixed-valence oxide, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_tetroxide\" title=\"Antimony tetroxide\">antimony tetroxide<\/a> (Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span><\/span>), which features both Sb(III) and Sb(V).<a href=\"#cite_note-house-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> Unlike oxides of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Phosphorus\" title=\"Phosphorus\">phosphorus<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">arsenic<\/a>, these oxides are <a href=\"\/wiki\/Amphoteric\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Amphoteric\">amphoteric<\/a>, do not form well-defined <a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxoacid\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Oxoacid\">oxoacids<\/a>, and react with acids to form antimony salts.\n<\/p>Antimonous acid Sb(OH)<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> is unknown, but the conjugate base sodium antimonite ([Na<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span>SbO<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span>]<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span><\/span>) forms upon fusing <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sodium_oxide\" title=\"Sodium oxide\">sodium oxide<\/a> and Sb<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span><\/span>.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:763<\/span><\/sup> Transition metal antimonites are also known.<a href=\"#cite_note-norman-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>:122<\/span><\/sup> Antimonic acid exists only as the hydrate HSb(OH)<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span><\/span>, forming salts as the antimonate anion Sb(OH)\u2212<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span><\/span>. When a solution containing this anion is dehydrated, the precipitate contains mixed oxides.<a href=\"#cite_note-norman-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>:143<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>Many antimony ores are sulfides, including <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">stibnite<\/a> (Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span>), <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pyrargyrite\" title=\"Pyrargyrite\">pyrargyrite<\/a> (Ag<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span>SbS<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span>), <a href=\"\/wiki\/Zinkenite\" title=\"Zinkenite\">zinkenite<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Jamesonite\" title=\"Jamesonite\">jamesonite<\/a>, and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Boulangerite\" title=\"Boulangerite\">boulangerite<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:757<\/span><\/sup> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentasulfide\" title=\"Antimony pentasulfide\">Antimony pentasulfide<\/a> is <a href=\"\/wiki\/Non-stoichiometric_compound\" title=\"Non-stoichiometric compound\">non-stoichiometric<\/a> and features antimony in the +3 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxidation_state\" title=\"Oxidation state\">oxidation state<\/a> and S-S bonds.<a href=\"#cite_note-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup> Several thioantimonides are known, such as [Sb<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 10<\/sub><\/span>]2\u2212<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span> and [Sb<\/sup> 8<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 13<\/sub><\/span>]2\u2212<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span>.<a href=\"#cite_note-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Halides<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=7\" title=\"Edit section: Halides\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAntimony forms two series of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Halide\" title=\"Halide\">halides<\/a>: SbX<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> and SbX<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span>. The trihalides <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trifluoride\" title=\"Antimony trifluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trichloride\" title=\"Antimony trichloride\">SbCl<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_tribromide\" title=\"Antimony tribromide\">SbBr<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a>, and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_triiodide\" title=\"Antimony triiodide\">SbI<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> are all molecular compounds having <a href=\"\/wiki\/Trigonal_pyramidal_molecular_geometry\" title=\"Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry\">trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry<\/a>.\n<\/p>The trifluoride <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trifluoride\" title=\"Antimony trifluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is prepared by the reaction of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrofluoric_acid\" title=\"Hydrofluoric acid\">HF<\/a>:<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:761\u2013762<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 6 HF \u2192 2 SbF<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 H<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/span><\/dd><\/dl>\nIt is <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lewis_acid\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Lewis acid\">Lewis acidic<\/a> and readily accepts fluoride ions to form the complex anions SbF\u2212<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span><\/span> and SbF2\u2212<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span>. Molten <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trifluoride\" title=\"Antimony trifluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is a weak <a href=\"\/wiki\/Electrical_conductor\" title=\"Electrical conductor\">electrical conductor<\/a>. The trichloride <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trichloride\" title=\"Antimony trichloride\">SbCl<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is prepared by dissolving <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrochloric_acid\" title=\"Hydrochloric acid\">hydrochloric acid<\/a>:\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 6 HCl \u2192 2 SbCl<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 H<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/span><\/dd><\/dl>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:172px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a2\/Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\/170px-Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"170\" height=\"199\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a2\/Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\/255px-Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a2\/Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\/340px-Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"941\" data-file-height=\"1100\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>Structure of gaseous SbF5<\/sub><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nThe pentahalides <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentafluoride\" title=\"Antimony pentafluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentachloride\" title=\"Antimony pentachloride\">SbCl<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> have <a href=\"\/wiki\/Trigonal_bipyramidal_molecular_geometry\" title=\"Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry\">trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry<\/a> in the gas phase, but in the liquid phase, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentafluoride\" title=\"Antimony pentafluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is <a href=\"\/wiki\/Polymer\" title=\"Polymer\">polymeric<\/a>, whereas <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentachloride\" title=\"Antimony pentachloride\">SbCl<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is monomeric.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:761<\/span><\/sup> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentafluoride\" title=\"Antimony pentafluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is a powerful Lewis acid used to make the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Superacid\" title=\"Superacid\">superacid<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Fluoroantimonic_acid\" title=\"Fluoroantimonic acid\">fluoroantimonic acid<\/a> (“H2<\/sub>SbF7<\/sub>“).\n<\/p><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxohalide\" title=\"Oxohalide\">Oxyhalides<\/a> are more common for antimony than for arsenic and phosphorus. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">Antimony trioxide<\/a> dissolves in concentrated acid to form oxoantimonyl compounds such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_oxychloride\" title=\"Antimony oxychloride\">SbOCl<\/a> and (SbO)<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>SO<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span><\/span>.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:764<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><\/span>Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nCompounds in this class generally are described as derivatives of Sb3\u2212<\/sup>. Antimony forms <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimonide\" title=\"Antimonide\">antimonides<\/a> with metals, such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Indium_antimonide\" title=\"Indium antimonide\">indium antimonide<\/a> (InSb) and silver antimonide (Ag<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span>Sb<\/span>).<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:760<\/span><\/sup> The alkali metal and zinc antimonides, such as Na3<\/sub>Sb and Zn3<\/sub>Sb2<\/sub>, are more reactive. Treating these antimonides with acid produces the highly unstable gas <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibine\" title=\"Stibine\">stibine<\/a>, SbH<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span>:<a href=\"#cite_note-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>Sb3\u2212<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 H+<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span> \u2192 SbH<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/dd><\/dl>\nStibine can also be produced by treating Sb3+<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span> salts with hydride reagents such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sodium_borohydride\" title=\"Sodium borohydride\">sodium borohydride<\/a>.[<a href=\"\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup> Stibine decomposes spontaneously at room temperature. Because stibine has a positive <a href=\"\/wiki\/Heat_of_formation\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Heat of formation\">heat of formation<\/a>, it is <a href=\"\/wiki\/Thermodynamic_stability\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Thermodynamic stability\">thermodynamically unstable<\/a> and thus antimony does not react with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrogen\" title=\"Hydrogen\">hydrogen<\/a> directly.<a href=\"#cite_note-Greenwood-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><a href=\"\/wiki\/Organoantimony_chemistry\" title=\"Organoantimony chemistry\">Organoantimony compounds<\/a> are typically prepared by alkylation of antimony halides with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Grignard_reagent\" title=\"Grignard reagent\">Grignard reagents<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup> A large variety of compounds are known with both Sb(III) and Sb(V) centers, including mixed chloro-organic derivatives, anions, and cations. Examples include Sb(C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>)3<\/sub> (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Triphenylstibine\" title=\"Triphenylstibine\">triphenylstibine<\/a>), Sb2<\/sub>(C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>)4<\/sub> (with an Sb-Sb bond), and cyclic [Sb(C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>)]n<\/sub>. Pentacoordinated organoantimony compounds are common, examples being Sb(C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>)5<\/sub> and several related halides.\n<\/p>\n<h2>History<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=9\" title=\"Edit section: History\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:72px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-symbol.svg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"An unshaded circle surmounted by a cross.\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Antimony-symbol.svg\/70px-Antimony-symbol.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"70\" height=\"111\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Antimony-symbol.svg\/105px-Antimony-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Antimony-symbol.svg\/140px-Antimony-symbol.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"85\" data-file-height=\"135\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-symbol.svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>One of the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alchemical_symbol\" title=\"Alchemical symbol\">alchemical symbols<\/a> for antimony<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony(III)_sulfide\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antimony(III) sulfide\">Antimony(III) sulfide<\/a>, Sb2<\/sub>S3<\/sub>, was recognized in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Predynastic_Egypt\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Predynastic Egypt\">predynastic Egypt<\/a> as an eye cosmetic (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Kohl_(cosmetics)\" title=\"Kohl (cosmetics)\">kohl<\/a>) as early as about <a href=\"\/wiki\/4th_millennium_BC\" title=\"4th millennium BC\">3100 BC<\/a>, when the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Cosmetic_palette\" title=\"Cosmetic palette\">cosmetic palette<\/a> was invented.<a href=\"#cite_note-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>An artifact, said to be part of a vase, made of antimony dating to about 3000 BC was found at <a href=\"\/wiki\/Girsu\" title=\"Girsu\">Telloh<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Chaldea\" title=\"Chaldea\">Chaldea<\/a> (part of present-day <a href=\"\/wiki\/Iraq\" title=\"Iraq\">Iraq<\/a>), and a copper object plated with antimony dating between 2500 BC and 2200 BC has been found in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Egypt\" title=\"Egypt\">Egypt<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-kirk-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> Austen, at a lecture by Herbert Gladstone in 1892<a href=\"#cite_note-moorey-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> commented that “we only know of antimony at the present day as a highly brittle and crystalline metal, which could hardly be fashioned into a useful vase, and therefore this remarkable ‘find’ (artifact mentioned above) must represent the lost art of rendering antimony malleable.”<a href=\"#cite_note-moorey-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Moorey was unconvinced the artifact was indeed a vase, mentioning that Selimkhanov, after his analysis of the Tello object (published in 1975), “attempted to relate the metal to Transcaucasian natural antimony” (i.e. native metal) and that “the antimony objects from Transcaucasia are all small personal ornaments.”<a href=\"#cite_note-moorey-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> This weakens the evidence for a lost art “of rendering antimony malleable.”<a href=\"#cite_note-moorey-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The Roman scholar <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pliny_the_Elder\" title=\"Pliny the Elder\">Pliny the Elder<\/a> described several ways of preparing antimony sulfide for medical purposes in his treatise <a href=\"\/wiki\/Natural_History_(Pliny)\" title=\"Natural History (Pliny)\">Natural History<\/i><\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-mellor-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup> Pliny the Elder also made a distinction between “male” and “female” forms of antimony; the male form is probably the sulfide, while the female form, which is superior, heavier, and less friable, has been suspected to be native metallic antimony.<a href=\"#cite_note-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The Greek naturalist <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pedanius_Dioscorides\" title=\"Pedanius Dioscorides\">Pedanius Dioscorides<\/a> mentioned that antimony sulfide could be roasted by heating by a current of air. It is thought that this produced metallic antimony.<a href=\"#cite_note-mellor-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:202px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Specola,_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\/200px-Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"178\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\/300px-Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/37\/Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG 2x\" data-file-width=\"337\" data-file-height=\"300\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Specola,_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>The Italian metallurgist <a href=\"\/wiki\/Vannoccio_Biringuccio\" title=\"Vannoccio Biringuccio\">Vannoccio Biringuccio<\/a> produced described a procedure to isolate antimony.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\nThe intentional isolation of antimony is described by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan\" title=\"Jabir ibn Hayyan\">Jabir ibn Hayyan<\/a> before 815 AD.<a href=\"#cite_note-Sarton-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup> A description of a procedure for isolating antimony is later given in the 1540 book <a href=\"\/wiki\/De_la_pirotechnia\" title=\"De la pirotechnia\">De la pirotechnia<\/a><\/i> by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Vannoccio_Biringuccio\" title=\"Vannoccio Biringuccio\">Vannoccio Biringuccio<\/a>,<a href=\"#cite_note-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup> predating the more famous 1556 book by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Georg_Agricola\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Georg Agricola\">Agricola<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/De_re_metallica\" title=\"De re metallica\">De re metallica<\/a><\/i>. In this context Agricola has been often incorrectly credited with the discovery of metallic antimony. The book Currus Triumphalis Antimonii<\/i> (The Triumphal Chariot of Antimony), describing the preparation of metallic antimony, was published in Germany in 1604. It was purported to be written by a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Benedictine\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Benedictine\">Benedictine<\/a> monk, writing under the name <a href=\"\/wiki\/Basilius_Valentinus\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Basilius Valentinus\">Basilius Valentinus<\/a> in the 15th century; if it were authentic, which it is not, it would predate Biringuccio.<a href=\"#cite_note-priesner-27\">[note 1]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-cww-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">[27]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The metal antimony was known to German chemist <a href=\"\/wiki\/Andreas_Libavius\" title=\"Andreas Libavius\">Andreas Libavius<\/a> in 1615 who obtained it by adding iron to a molten mixture of antimony sulfide, salt and potassium <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tartrate\" title=\"Tartrate\">tartrate<\/a>. This procedure produced antimony with a crystalline or starred surface.<a href=\"#cite_note-mellor-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>With the advent of challenges to <a href=\"\/wiki\/Phlogiston_theory\" title=\"Phlogiston theory\">phlogiston theory<\/a>, it was recognized that antimony is an element forming sulfides, oxides, and other compounds, as do other metals.<a href=\"#cite_note-mellor-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The first discovery of naturally occurring pure antimony in the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Earth%27s_crust\" title=\"Earth's crust\">Earth’s crust<\/a> was described by the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Swedish_people\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Swedish people\">Swedish<\/a> scientist and local mine district engineer <a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Anton_von_Swab&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Anton von Swab (page does not exist)\">Anton von Swab<\/a> in 1783; the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Type_locality_(geology)\" title=\"Type locality (geology)\">type-sample<\/a> was collected from the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sala_Silver_Mine\" title=\"Sala Silver Mine\">Sala Silver Mine<\/a> in the Bergslagen mining district of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sala_Municipality,_Sweden\" title=\"Sala Municipality, Sweden\">Sala<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/V%C3%A4stmanland_County\" title=\"V\u00e4stmanland County\">V\u00e4stmanland<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sweden\" title=\"Sweden\">Sweden<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-30\">[29]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Etymology<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=10\" title=\"Edit section: Etymology\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nThe medieval Latin form, from which the modern languages and late <a href=\"\/wiki\/Byzantine_Greek\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Byzantine Greek\">Byzantine Greek<\/a> take their names for antimony, is antimonium<\/i>. The origin of this is uncertain; all suggestions have some difficulty either of form or interpretation. The <a href=\"\/wiki\/Popular_etymology\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Popular etymology\">popular etymology<\/a>, from \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c2 anti-monachos<\/i> or French antimoine<\/i>, still has adherents; this would mean “monk-killer”, and is explained by many early <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alchemist\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alchemist\">alchemists<\/a> being monks, and antimony being poisonous.<a href=\"#cite_note-etym-32\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Another popular etymology is the hypothetical Greek word \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 antimonos<\/i>, “against aloneness”, explained as “not found as metal”, or “not found unalloyed”.<a href=\"#cite_note-kirk-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">[32]<\/a><\/sup> Lippmann conjectured a hypothetical Greek word \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd anthemonion<\/i>, which would mean “floret”, and cites several examples of related Greek words (but not that one) which describe chemical or biological <a href=\"\/wiki\/Efflorescence\" title=\"Efflorescence\">efflorescence<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-34\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The early uses of antimonium<\/i> include the translations, in 1050\u20131100, by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Constantine_the_African\" title=\"Constantine the African\">Constantine the African<\/a> of Arabic medical treatises.<a href=\"#cite_note-35\">[34]<\/a><\/sup> Several authorities believe antimonium<\/i> is a scribal corruption of some Arabic form; Meyerhof derives it from ithmid<\/i>;<a href=\"#cite_note-36\">[35]<\/a><\/sup> other possibilities include athimar<\/i>, the Arabic name of the metalloid, and a hypothetical as-stimmi<\/i>, derived from or parallel to the Greek.<a href=\"#cite_note-37\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-38\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The standard chemical symbol for antimony (Sb) is credited to <a href=\"\/wiki\/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"J\u00f6ns Jakob Berzelius\">J\u00f6ns Jakob Berzelius<\/a>, who derived the abbreviation from stibium<\/i>.<a href=\"#cite_note-39\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The ancient words for antimony mostly have, as their chief meaning, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Kohl_(cosmetics)\" title=\"Kohl (cosmetics)\">kohl<\/a>, the sulfide of antimony.\n<\/p>\nThe Egyptians called antimony m\u015bdmt<\/i>;<a href=\"#cite_note-40\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-sarton-41\">[40]<\/a><\/sup> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hieroglyphs\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Hieroglyphs\">hieroglyphs<\/a>, the vowels are uncertain, but the Coptic form of the word is \u2ca5\u2ca7\u2c8f\u2c99 (st\u0113m). The Greek word, \u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9 stimmi<\/i>, is probably a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Loan_word\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Loan word\">loan word<\/a> from Arabic or from Egyptian stm<\/i><a href=\"#cite_note-etym-32\">[31]<\/a><\/sup> <\/p><table class=\"mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer\" dir=\"ltr\"><tbody><tr><td> <table class=\"mw-hiero-table\"><tbody><tr> <td><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_O34.png?63e15\" height=\"6\" title=\"O34\" alt=\"O34\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_D46.png?1dee4\" height=\"12\" title=\"D46\" alt=\"D46\" \/><\/td> <td><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_G17.png?3741e\" height=\"38\" title=\"G17\" alt=\"G17\" \/><\/td><td><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_F21.png?6c920\" height=\"19\" title=\"F21\" alt=\"F21\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_D4.png?e1f5d\" height=\"12\" title=\"D4\" alt=\"D4\" \/><\/td> <\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> and is used by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Attica\" title=\"Attica\">Attic<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tragedy\" title=\"Tragedy\">tragic<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Poet\" title=\"Poet\">poets<\/a> of the 5th century BC. Later Greeks also used \u03c3\u03c4\u1f30\u03b2\u03b9 stibi<\/i>, as did <a href=\"\/wiki\/Aulus_Cornelius_Celsus\" title=\"Aulus Cornelius Celsus\">Celsus<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pliny_the_Elder\" title=\"Pliny the Elder\">Pliny<\/a>, writing in Latin, in the first century AD. Pliny also gives the names stimi<\/i> [<a href=\"\/wiki\/Sic\" title=\"Sic\">sic<\/a><\/i>], larbaris<\/i>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alabaster\" title=\"Alabaster\">alabaster<\/a>, and the “very common” platyophthalmos<\/i>, “wide-eye” (from the effect of the cosmetic). Later Latin authors adapted the word to Latin as stibium<\/i>. The Arabic word for the substance, as opposed to the cosmetic, can appear as \u0625\u062b\u0645\u062f ithmid, athmoud, othmod<\/i>, or uthmod<\/i>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Littr%C3%A9\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Littr\u00e9\">Littr\u00e9<\/a> suggests the first form, which is the earliest, derives from stimmida<\/i>, an accusative for stimmi<\/i>.<a href=\"#cite_note-42\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><h2>Production<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=11\" title=\"Edit section: Production\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:352px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\/350px-World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"155\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\/525px-World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\/700px-World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"940\" data-file-height=\"415\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>World antimony output in 2010<a href=\"#cite_note-usgs-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:352px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/27\/Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\/350px-Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"266\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/27\/Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\/525px-Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/27\/Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\/700px-Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"750\" data-file-height=\"570\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>World production trend of antimony<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Top producers and production volumes<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=12\" title=\"Edit section: Top producers and production volumes\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nThe <a href=\"\/wiki\/British_Geological_Survey\" title=\"British Geological Survey\">British Geological Survey<\/a> (BGS) reported that in 2005 China was the top producer of antimony with approximately 84% of the world share, followed at a distance by South Africa, Bolivia and Tajikistan. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Xikuangshan_Mine\" title=\"Xikuangshan Mine\">Xikuangshan Mine<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hunan\" title=\"Hunan\">Hunan<\/a> province has the largest deposits in China with an estimated deposit of 2.1 million metric tons.<a href=\"#cite_note-43\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>In 2016, according to the <a href=\"\/wiki\/US_Geological_Survey\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"US Geological Survey\">US Geological Survey<\/a>, China accounted for 76.9% of total antimony production, followed in second place by Russia with 6.9% and Tajikistan with 6.2%.<a href=\"#cite_note-44\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\n<caption>Antimony production in 2016<a href=\"#cite_note-usgs-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th>Country<\/th>\n<th>Tonnes<\/th>\n<th>% of total\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>100,000\n<\/td>\n<td>76.9\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Russia\" title=\"Russia\">Russia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>9,000\n<\/td>\n<td>6.9\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tajikistan\" title=\"Tajikistan\">Tajikistan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>8,000\n<\/td>\n<td>6.2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1100\" data-file-height=\"750\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bolivia\" title=\"Bolivia\">Bolivia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>4,000\n<\/td>\n<td>3.1\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\">Australia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>3,500\n<\/td>\n<td>2.7\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Top 5<\/i>\n<\/td>\n<td>124,500\n<\/td>\n<td>95.8\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Total world\n<\/th>\n<th>130,000\n<\/th>\n<th>100.0\n<\/th><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\nChinese production of antimony is expected to decline in the future as mines and smelters are closed down by the government as part of pollution control. Especially due to a new environmental protection law having gone into effect on January 2015<a href=\"#cite_note-45\">[44]<\/a><\/sup> and revised \u201cEmission Standards of Pollutants for Stanum, Antimony, and Mercury\u201d having gone into effect, hurdles for economic production are higher. According to the National Bureau of Statistics in China, by September 2015 50% of antimony production capacity in the Hunan province (the province with biggest antimony reserves in China) had not been used.<a href=\"#cite_note-46\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Reported production of antimony in China has fallen and is unlikely to increase in the coming years, according to the Roskill report. No significant antimony deposits in China have been developed for about ten years, and the remaining economic reserves are being rapidly depleted.<a href=\"#cite_note-Roskill-47\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The world’s largest antimony producers, according to Roskill, are listed below:\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable sortable\">\n<caption>Largest antimony producers in 2010.<a href=\"#cite_note-primer-48\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th>Country<\/th>\n<th>Company<\/th>\n<th>Capacity (tonnes per year)\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\">Australia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Mandalay Resources\n<\/td>\n<td>2,750\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1100\" data-file-height=\"750\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bolivia\" title=\"Bolivia\">Bolivia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>various\n<\/td>\n<td>5,460\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Canada\" title=\"Canada\">Canada<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Beaver Brook\n<\/td>\n<td>6,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Hsikwangshan Twinkling Star\n<\/td>\n<td>55,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Hunan Chenzhou Mining\n<\/td>\n<td>20,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>China Tin Group\n<\/td>\n<td>20,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Shenyang Huachang Antimony\n<\/td>\n<td>15,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"300\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Kazakhstan\" title=\"Kazakhstan\">Kazakhstan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Kazzinc\n<\/td>\n<td>1,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"14\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Kyrgyzstan\" title=\"Kyrgyzstan\">Kyrgyzstan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Kadamdzhai\n<\/td>\n<td>500\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Flag_of_Laos.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Flag_of_Laos.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Flag_of_Laos.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"400\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Laos\" title=\"Laos\">Laos<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>SRS\n<\/td>\n<td>500\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Flag_of_Mexico.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"13\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Flag_of_Mexico.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Flag_of_Mexico.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"980\" data-file-height=\"560\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mexico\" title=\"Mexico\">Mexico<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>US Antimony\n<\/td>\n<td>70\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Myanmar\" title=\"Myanmar\">Myanmar<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>various\n<\/td>\n<td>6,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Russia\" title=\"Russia\">Russia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>GeoProMining\n<\/td>\n<td>6,500\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\">South Africa<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Consolidated Murchison\n<\/td>\n<td>6,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tajikistan\" title=\"Tajikistan\">Tajikistan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Unzob\n<\/td>\n<td>5,500\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a9\/Flag_of_Thailand.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a9\/Flag_of_Thailand.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a9\/Flag_of_Thailand.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thailand\" title=\"Thailand\">Thailand<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>unknown\n<\/td>\n<td>600\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Turkey\" title=\"Turkey\">Turkey<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Cengiz & \u00d6zdemir Antimuan Madenleri\n<\/td>\n<td>2,400\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<h3>Reserves<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Reserves\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAccording to statistics from the USGS, current global reserves of antimony will be depleted in 13 years. However, the USGS expects more resources will be found.\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\n<caption>World antimony reserves in 2015<a href=\"#cite_note-primer-48\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th>Country<\/th>\n<th>Reserves (tonnes of antimony content)<\/th>\n<th>% of total\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">People’s Republic of China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>950,000\n<\/td>\n<td>47.81\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Russia\" title=\"Russia\">Russia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>350,000\n<\/td>\n<td>17.61\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1100\" data-file-height=\"750\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bolivia\" title=\"Bolivia\">Bolivia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>310,000\n<\/td>\n<td>15.60\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\">Australia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>140,000\n<\/td>\n<td>7.05\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/United_States\" title=\"United States\">United States<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>60,000\n<\/td>\n<td>3.02\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tajikistan\" title=\"Tajikistan\">Tajikistan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>50,000\n<\/td>\n<td>2.52\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\">South Africa<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>27,000\n<\/td>\n<td>1.36\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Other countries\n<\/td>\n<td>100,000\n<\/td>\n<td>5.03\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Total world\n<\/th>\n<th>1,987,000\n<\/th>\n<th>100.0\n<\/th><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<h3>Production process<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=14\" title=\"Edit section: Production process\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nThe extraction of antimony from ores depends on the quality and composition of the ore. Most antimony is mined as the sulfide; lower-grade ores are concentrated by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Froth_flotation\" title=\"Froth flotation\">froth flotation<\/a>, while higher-grade ores are heated to 500\u2013600 \u00b0C, the temperature at which stibnite melts and separates from the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Gangue\" title=\"Gangue\">gangue<\/a> minerals. Antimony can be isolated from the crude antimony sulfide by reduction with scrap iron:<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 Fe \u2192 2 Sb + 3 FeS<\/dd><\/dl>\nThe sulfide is converted to an oxide; the product is then roasted, sometimes for the purpose of vaporizing the volatile antimony(III) oxide, which is recovered.<a href=\"#cite_note-Ullmann-50\">[49]<\/a><\/sup> This material is often used directly for the main applications, impurities being arsenic and sulfide.<a href=\"#cite_note-Norm-51\">[50]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-52\">[51]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony is isolated from the oxide by a carbothermal reduction:<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-Norm-51\">[50]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>2 Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 C \u2192 4 Sb + 3 CO<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/dd><\/dl>\nThe lower-grade ores are reduced in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Blast_furnace\" title=\"Blast furnace\">blast furnaces<\/a> while the higher-grade ores are reduced in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Reverberatory_furnace\" title=\"Reverberatory furnace\">reverberatory furnaces<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Supply risk and critical mineral rankings<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=15\" title=\"Edit section: Supply risk and critical mineral rankings\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAntimony has consistently been ranked high in European and US <a href=\"\/wiki\/Critical_mineral_raw_materials\" title=\"Critical mineral raw materials\">risk lists concerning criticality of the element<\/a> indicating the relative risk to the supply of chemical elements or element groups required to maintain the current economy and lifestyle.\n<\/p>With most of the antimony imported into Europe and the US coming from China, Chinese production is critical to supply. As China is revising and increasing environmental control standards, antimony production is becoming increasingly restricted. Additionally Chinese export quotas for antimony have been decreasing in the past years. These two factors increase supply risk for both Europe and US.\n<\/p>\n<h4>Europe<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=16\" title=\"Edit section: Europe\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nAccording to the BGS Risk List 2015, antimony is ranked second highest (after rare earth elements) on the relative supply risk index.<a href=\"#cite_note-53\">[52]<\/a><\/sup> This indicates that it has currently the second highest supply risk for chemical elements or element groups which are of economic value to the British economy and lifestyle.\nFurthermore, antimony was identified as one of 20 critical raw materials for the EU in a report published in 2014 (which revised the initial report published in 2011). As seen in Figure xxx antimony maintains high supply risk relative to its economic importance. 92% of the antimony is imported from China, which is a significantly high concentration of production.<a href=\"#cite_note-54\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4>U.S.<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=17\" title=\"Edit section: U.S.\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nMuch analysis has been conducted in the U.S. toward defining which metals should be called strategic or critical to the nation’s security. Exact definitions do not exist, and views as to what constitutes a strategic or critical mineral to U.S. security diverge.<a href=\"#cite_note-55\">[54]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>In 2015, no antimony was mined in the U.S. The metal is imported from foreign countries. From 2011-2014 68% of America’s antimony came from China, 14% from India, 4% from Mexico, and 14% from other sources. There are no publicly known government stockpiles in place currently.\n<\/p>The U.S. \u201cSubcommittee on Critical and Strategic Mineral Supply Chains\u201d has screened 78 mineral resources from 1996-2008. It found that a small subset of minerals including antimony has fallen into the category of potentially critical minerals consistently. In the future, a second assessment will be made of the found subset of minerals to identify which should be defined of significant risk and critical to U.S. interests.<a href=\"#cite_note-56\">[55]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Applications<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=18\" title=\"Edit section: Applications\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nAbout 60% of antimony is consumed in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Flame_retardant\" title=\"Flame retardant\">flame retardants<\/a>, and 20% is used in alloys for batteries, plain bearings, and solders.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Flame retardants<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=19\" title=\"Edit section: Flame retardants\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAntimony is mainly used as the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">trioxide<\/a> for <a href=\"\/wiki\/Flame_retardant\" title=\"Flame retardant\">flame-proofing compounds<\/a>, always in combination with halogenated flame retardants except in halogen-containing polymers. The flame retarding effect of antimony trioxide is produced by the formation of halogenated antimony compounds,<a href=\"#cite_note-57\">[56]<\/a><\/sup> which react with hydrogen atoms, and probably also with oxygen atoms and OH radicals, thus inhibiting fire.<a href=\"#cite_note-58\">[57]<\/a><\/sup> Markets for these flame-retardants include children’s clothing, toys, aircraft, and automobile seat covers. They are also added to <a href=\"\/wiki\/Polyester_resin\" title=\"Polyester resin\">polyester resins<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Glass-reinforced_plastic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Glass-reinforced plastic\">fiberglass<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Composite_material\" title=\"Composite material\">composites<\/a> for such items as light aircraft engine covers. The resin will burn in the presence of an externally generated flame, but will extinguish when the external flame is removed.<a href=\"#cite_note-Ullmann-50\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-59\">[58]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Alloys<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=20\" title=\"Edit section: Alloys\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAntimony forms a highly useful <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alloy\" title=\"Alloy\">alloy<\/a> with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">lead<\/a>, increasing its hardness and mechanical strength. For most applications involving lead, varying amounts of antimony are used as alloying metal. In <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead%E2%80%93acid_batteries\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Lead\u2013acid batteries\">lead\u2013acid batteries<\/a>, this addition improves plate strength and charging characteristics.<a href=\"#cite_note-Ullmann-50\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-60\">[59]<\/a><\/sup> It is used in antifriction alloys (such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Babbitt_metal\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Babbitt metal\">Babbitt metal<\/a>),<a href=\"#cite_note-61\">[60]<\/a><\/sup> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bullet\" title=\"Bullet\">bullets<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead_shot\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Lead shot\">lead shot<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Electrical_cable\" title=\"Electrical cable\">electrical cable<\/a> sheathing, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Type_metal\" title=\"Type metal\">type metal<\/a> (for example, for <a href=\"\/wiki\/Linotype_machine\" title=\"Linotype machine\">linotype<\/a> printing machines<a href=\"#cite_note-62\">[61]<\/a><\/sup>), <a href=\"\/wiki\/Solder\" title=\"Solder\">solder<\/a> (some “<a href=\"\/wiki\/RoHS\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"RoHS\">lead-free<\/a>” solders contain 5% Sb),<a href=\"#cite_note-63\">[62]<\/a><\/sup> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pewter\" title=\"Pewter\">pewter<\/a>,<a href=\"#cite_note-64\">[63]<\/a><\/sup> and in hardening alloys with low <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">tin<\/a> content in the manufacturing of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Organ_pipe\" title=\"Organ pipe\">organ pipes<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Other applications<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=21\" title=\"Edit section: Other applications\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nThree other applications consume nearly all the rest of the world’s supply.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup> One application is as a stabilizer and catalyst for the production of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Polyethylene_terephthalate\" title=\"Polyethylene terephthalate\">polyethylene terephthalate<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup> Another is as a fining agent to remove microscopic bubbles in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Glass\" title=\"Glass\">glass<\/a>, mostly for TV screens;<a href=\"#cite_note-65\">[64]<\/a><\/sup> antimony ions interact with oxygen, suppressing the tendency of the latter to form bubbles.<a href=\"#cite_note-66\">[65]<\/a><\/sup> The third application is pigments.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Antimony is increasingly being used in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Semiconductor\" title=\"Semiconductor\">semiconductors<\/a> as a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Dopant\" title=\"Dopant\">dopant<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/N-type_semiconductor\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"N-type semiconductor\">n-type<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Silicon\" title=\"Silicon\">silicon<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Wafer_(electronics)\" title=\"Wafer (electronics)\">wafers<\/a><a href=\"#cite_note-67\">[66]<\/a><\/sup> for <a href=\"\/wiki\/Diode\" title=\"Diode\">diodes<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Infrared\" title=\"Infrared\">infrared<\/a> detectors, and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hall_effect\" title=\"Hall effect\">Hall-effect<\/a> devices. In the 1950s, the emitters and collectors of n-p-n <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alloy_junction_transistor\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alloy junction transistor\">alloy junction transistors<\/a> were doped with tiny beads of a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">lead<\/a>-antimony alloy.<a href=\"#cite_note-68\">[67]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Indium_antimonide\" title=\"Indium antimonide\">Indium antimonide<\/a> is used as a material for mid-<a href=\"\/wiki\/Infrared_detector\" title=\"Infrared detector\">infrared detectors<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-69\">[68]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-70\">[69]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-71\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Biology and medicine have few uses for antimony. Treatments containing antimony, known as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimonial\" title=\"Antimonial\">antimonials<\/a>, are used as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Emetic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Emetic\">emetics<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-72\">[71]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony compounds are used as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antiprotozoal_agent\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antiprotozoal agent\">antiprotozoan<\/a> drugs. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Potassium_antimonyl_tartrate\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Potassium antimonyl tartrate\">Potassium antimonyl tartrate<\/a>, or tartar emetic, was once used as an anti-<a href=\"\/wiki\/Schistosomiasis\" title=\"Schistosomiasis\">schistosomal<\/a> drug from 1919 on. It was subsequently replaced by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Praziquantel\" title=\"Praziquantel\">praziquantel<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-73\">[72]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony and its compounds are used in several <a href=\"\/wiki\/Veterinary\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Veterinary\">veterinary<\/a> preparations, such as anthiomaline and lithium antimony thiomalate, as a skin conditioner in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Ruminant\" title=\"Ruminant\">ruminants<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-74\">[73]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony has a nourishing or conditioning effect on <a href=\"\/wiki\/Keratinized\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Keratinized\">keratinized<\/a> tissues in animals.\n<\/p>Antimony-based drugs, such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Meglumine_antimoniate\" title=\"Meglumine antimoniate\">meglumine antimoniate<\/a>, are also considered the drugs of choice for treatment of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Leishmaniasis\" title=\"Leishmaniasis\">leishmaniasis<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Domestic_animal\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Domestic animal\">domestic animals<\/a>. Unfortunately, besides having low <a href=\"\/wiki\/Therapeutic_index\" title=\"Therapeutic index\">therapeutic indices<\/a>, the drugs have minimal penetration of the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bone_marrow\" title=\"Bone marrow\">bone marrow<\/a>, where some of the Leishmania<\/i> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Amastigote\" title=\"Amastigote\">amastigotes<\/a> reside, and curing the disease \u2013 especially the visceral form \u2013 is very difficult.<a href=\"#cite_note-75\">[74]<\/a><\/sup> Elemental antimony as an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pill\" title=\"Antimony pill\">antimony pill<\/a> was once used as a medicine. It could be reused by others after ingestion and elimination.<a href=\"#cite_note-76\">[75]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony(III)_sulfide\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antimony(III) sulfide\">Antimony(III) sulfide<\/a> is used in the heads of some <a href=\"\/wiki\/Safety_match\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Safety match\">safety matches<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-Trends-77\">[76]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-78\">[77]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony sulfides help to stabilize the friction coefficient in automotive brake pad materials.<a href=\"#cite_note-79\">[78]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony is used in bullets, bullet tracers,<a href=\"#cite_note-80\">[79]<\/a><\/sup> paint, glass art, and as an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Opacifier\" title=\"Opacifier\">opacifier<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Vitreous_enamel\" title=\"Vitreous enamel\">enamel<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony-124\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antimony-124\">Antimony-124<\/a> is used together with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Beryllium\" title=\"Beryllium\">beryllium<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Neutron_source\" title=\"Neutron source\">neutron sources<\/a>; the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Gamma_ray\" title=\"Gamma ray\">gamma rays<\/a> emitted by antimony-124 initiate the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Photodisintegration\" title=\"Photodisintegration\">photodisintegration<\/a> of beryllium.<a href=\"#cite_note-81\">[80]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-82\">[81]<\/a><\/sup> The emitted neutrons have an average energy of 24 keV.<a href=\"#cite_note-83\">[82]<\/a><\/sup> Natural antimony is used in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Startup_neutron_source\" title=\"Startup neutron source\">startup neutron sources<\/a>.\n<\/p>Historically, the powder derived from crushed antimony (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Kohl_(cosmetics)\" title=\"Kohl (cosmetics)\">kohl<\/a><\/i>) has been applied to the eyes with a metal rod and with one’s spittle, thought by the ancients to aid in curing eye infections.<a href=\"#cite_note-84\">[83]<\/a><\/sup> The practice is still seen in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Yemen\" title=\"Yemen\">Yemen<\/a> and in other Arabian countries.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Precautions<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=22\" title=\"Edit section: Precautions\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nThe effects of antimony and its compounds on human and environmental health differ widely. Elemental antimony metal does not affect human and environmental health. Inhalation of antimony trioxide (and similar poorly soluble Sb(III) dust particles such as antimony dust) is considered harmful and suspected of causing cancer. However, these effects are only observed with female rats and after long-term exposure to high dust concentrations. The effects are hypothesized to be attributed to inhalation of poorly soluble Sb particles leading to impaired lung clearance, lung overload, inflammation and ultimately tumour formation, not to exposure to antimony ions (OECD, 2008). Antimony chlorides are corrosive to skin. The effects of antimony are not comparable to those of arsenic; this might be caused by the significant differences of uptake, metabolism, and excretion between arsenic and antimony.\n<\/p>For oral absorption, ICRP (1994) has recommended values of 10% for tartar emetic and 1% for all other antimony compounds. Dermal absorption for metals is estimated to be at most 1% (HERAG, 2007). Inhalation absorption of antimony trioxide and other poorly soluble Sb(III) substances (such as antimony dust) is estimated at 6.8% (OECD, 2008), whereas a value <1% is derived for Sb(V) substances. Antimony(V) is not quantitatively reduced to antimony(III) in the cell, and both species exist simultaneously.\n<\/p>Antimony is mainly excreted from the human body via urine. Antimony and its compounds do not cause acute human health effects, with the exception of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_potassium_tartrate\" title=\"Antimony potassium tartrate\">antimony potassium tartrate<\/a> (“tartar emetic”), a prodrug that is intentionally used to treat <a href=\"\/wiki\/Leishmaniasis\" title=\"Leishmaniasis\">leishmaniasis<\/a> patients.\n<\/p>Prolonged skin contact with antimony dust may cause dermatitis. However, it was agreed at the European Union level that the skin rashes observed are not substance-specific, but most probably due to a physical blocking of sweat ducts (ECHA\/PR\/09\/09, Helsinki, 6 July 2009). Antimony dust may also be explosive when dispersed in the air; when in a bulk solid it is not combustible.<a href=\"#cite_note-:0-85\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Antimony is incompatible with strong acids, halogenated acids, and oxidizers; when exposed to newly formed hydrogen it may form <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibine\" title=\"Stibine\">stibine<\/a> (SbH3<\/sub>).<a href=\"#cite_note-:0-85\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) is set at 0.5 mg\/m3<\/sup> by the <a href=\"\/wiki\/American_Conference_of_Governmental_Industrial_Hygienists\" title=\"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists\">American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists<\/a> and by the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration\" title=\"Occupational Safety and Health Administration\">Occupational Safety and Health Administration<\/a> (OSHA) as a legal <a href=\"\/wiki\/Permissible_exposure_limit\" title=\"Permissible exposure limit\">permissible exposure limit<\/a> (PEL) in the workplace. The <a href=\"\/wiki\/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health\" title=\"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health\">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health<\/a> (NIOSH) has set a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Recommended_exposure_limit\" title=\"Recommended exposure limit\">recommended exposure limit<\/a> (REL) of 0.5 mg\/m3<\/sup> as an 8 hour TWA.<a href=\"#cite_note-:0-85\">[84]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony compounds are used as catalysts for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) production. Some studies report minor antimony leaching from PET bottles into liquids, but levels are below drinking water guidelines. Antimony concentrations in fruit juice concentrates were somewhat higher (up to 44.7 \u00b5g\/L of antimony), but juices do not fall under the drinking water regulations. The drinking water guidelines are:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/World_Health_Organization\" title=\"World Health Organization\">World Health Organization<\/a>: 20 \u00b5g\/L<\/li>\n<li>Japan: 15 \u00b5g\/L<a href=\"#cite_note-86\">[85]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency\" title=\"United States Environmental Protection Agency\">United States Environmental Protection Agency<\/a>, Health Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Environment: 6 \u00b5g\/L<\/li>\n<li>EU and German Federal Ministry of Environment: 5 \u00b5g\/L<a href=\"#cite_note-shotyk-87\">[86]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\nThe TDI proposed by WHO is 6 \u00b5g antimony per kilogram of body weight.<a href=\"#cite_note-88\">[87]<\/a><\/sup> The <a href=\"\/wiki\/IDLH\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"IDLH\">IDLH<\/a> (immediately dangerous to life and health) value for antimony is 50 mg\/m3<\/sup>.<a href=\"#cite_note-:0-85\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Toxicity<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=23\" title=\"Edit section: Toxicity\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nCertain compounds of antimony appear to be toxic, particularly antimony trioxide and antimony potassium tartrate.<a href=\"#cite_note-atsdr.cdc.gov-89\">[88]<\/a><\/sup> Effects may be similar to arsenic poisoning.<a href=\"#cite_note-90\">[89]<\/a><\/sup> Occupational exposure may cause respiratory irritation, pneumoconiosis, antimony spots on the skin, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, antimony trioxide is potentially carcinogenic to humans.<a href=\"#cite_note-91\">[90]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Adverse health effects have been observed in humans and animals following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure to antimony and antimony compounds.<a href=\"#cite_note-atsdr.cdc.gov-89\">[88]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony toxicity typically occurs either due to occupational exposure, during therapy or from accidental ingestion. It is unclear if antimony can enter the body through the skin.<a href=\"#cite_note-atsdr.cdc.gov-89\">[88]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>See also<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=24\" title=\"Edit section: See also\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<table role=\"presentation\" class=\"metadata mbox-small\" style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td class=\"mbox-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"icon\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a8\/Office-book.svg\/30px-Office-book.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a8\/Office-book.svg\/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a8\/Office-book.svg\/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"48\" data-file-height=\"48\" \/><\/td>\n<td class=\"mbox-text plainlist\"><ul style=\"font-weight: bold\">\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Book:Antimony\" title=\"Book:Antimony\">Book: Antimony<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Phase_change_memory\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Phase change memory\">Phase change memory<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>Notes<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=25\" title=\"Edit section: Notes\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-priesner-27\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-priesner_27-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Already in 1710 Wilhelm Gottlob Freiherr von <a href=\"\/wiki\/Leibniz\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Leibniz\">Leibniz<\/a>, after careful inquiry, concluded the work was spurious, there was no monk named Basilius Valentinus, and the book’s author was its ostensible editor, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Johann_Th%C3%B6lde\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Johann Th\u00f6lde\">Johann Th\u00f6lde<\/a> (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Circa\" title=\"Circa\">c.<\/a> 1565 \u2013 c. 1624). Professional historians now agree the Currus Triumphalis …<\/i> was written after the middle of the 16th century and Th\u00f6lde was likely its author.<a href=\"#cite_note-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n<h2>References<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=26\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist columns references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-CIAAW2013-1\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CIAAW2013_1-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). “Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)”. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry\" title=\"Pure and Applied Chemistry\">Pure and Applied Chemistry<\/a><\/i>. 88<\/b> (3): 265\u201391. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305\">10.1515\/pac-2015-0305<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2013+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=265-91&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305&rft.aulast=Meija&rft.aufirst=Juris&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Berglund%2C+Michael&rft.au=Brand%2C+Willi+A.&rft.au=De+Bi%C3%A8vre%2C+Paul&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Loss%2C+Robert+D.&rft.au=Walczyk%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Prohaska%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886058088\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url(\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Lock-green.svg\/9px-Lock-green.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url(\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Wikisource-logo.svg\/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}<\/style><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). “Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds”. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110303222309\/http:\/\/www-d0.fnal.gov\/hardware\/cal\/lvps_info\/engineering\/elementmagn.pdf\">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics<\/i><\/a> (PDF)<\/span> (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8493-0486-5\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-8493-0486-5\"><bdi>0-8493-0486-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magnetic+susceptibility+of+the+elements+and+inorganic+compounds&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&rft.edition=86th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110303222309%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felementmagn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics<\/i>. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8493-0464-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-8493-0464-4\"><bdi>0-8493-0464-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <a href=\"\/wiki\/David_Kimhi\" title=\"David Kimhi\">David Kimhi<\/a>‘s Commentary on Jeremiah 4:30 and I Chronicles 29:2; Hebrew: \u05e4\u05d5\u05da<\/b>\/\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05d7\u05bb\u05dc<\/b>, Aramaic: \u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc\u05d7\u05b0\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9<\/b>\/\u05e6\u05d3\u05d9\u05d3\u05d0<\/b>; Arabic: \u0643\u062d\u0644<\/b>, and which can also refer to <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trisulfide\" title=\"Antimony trisulfide\">antimony trisulfide<\/a>. See also Z. Dori, Antimony and Henna<\/i> (Heb. \u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05da \u05d5\u05d4\u05db\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8<\/b>), Jerusalem 1983 (Hebrew).<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-4\">e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-5\">f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-6\">g<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-7\">h<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-8\">i<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils & Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry<\/i>. Academic Press. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-352651-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-352651-9\"><bdi>978-0-12-352651-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+chemistry&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-12-352651-9&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Egon&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rft.au=Holleman%2C+Arnold+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukcoinpics.co.uk\/metal.html\">“Metals Used in Coins and Medals”<\/a>. ukcoinpics.co.uk.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metals+Used+in+Coins+and+Medals&rft.pub=ukcoinpics.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcoinpics.co.uk%2Fmetal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-kirk-7\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-kirk_7-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-kirk_7-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-kirk_7-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> “Antimony” in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology<\/i>, 5th ed. 2004. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-471-48494-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-471-48494-3\">978-0-471-48494-3<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-cww-8\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-cww_8-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cww_8-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Wang, Chung Wu (1919). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/library.sciencemadness.org\/library\/books\/antimony.pdf\">“The Chemistry of Antimony”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. Antimony: Its History, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Metallurgy, Uses, Preparation, Analysis, Production and Valuation with Complete Bibliographies<\/i>. London, United Kingdom: Charles Geiffin and Co. Ltd. pp. 6\u201333.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Chemistry+of+Antimony&rft.btitle=Antimony%3A+Its+History%2C+Chemistry%2C+Mineralogy%2C+Geology%2C+Metallurgy%2C+Uses%2C+Preparation%2C+Analysis%2C+Production+and+Valuation+with+Complete+Bibliographies&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=6-33&rft.pub=Charles+Geiffin+and+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Chung+Wu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.sciencemadness.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2Fantimony.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Norman, Nicholas C (1998). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA50\">Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth<\/i><\/a>. pp. 50\u201351. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\"><bdi>978-0-7514-0389-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+arsenic%2C+antimony%2C+and+bismuth&rft.pages=50-51&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7514-0389-3&rft.au=Norman%2C+Nicholas+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvVhpurkfeN4C%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-NUBASE-10\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-NUBASE_10-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite id=\"CITEREFAudiBersillonBlachotWapstra2003\" class=\"citation\">Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; <a href=\"\/wiki\/Aaldert_Wapstra\" title=\"Aaldert Wapstra\">Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik<\/a> (2003), <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/in2p3-00020241\/document\">“The NUBASE<\/small> evaluation of nuclear and decay properties”<\/a>, Nuclear Physics A<\/i>, 729<\/b>: 3\u2013128, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2003NuPhA.729....3A\">2003NuPhA.729….3A<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001\">10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001<\/a><\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+N%3Csmall%3EUBASE%3C%2Fsmall%3E+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&rft.volume=729&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Blachot%2C+Jean&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+Aaldert+Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fin2p3-00020241%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-usgs-11\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-usgs_11-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-usgs_11-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-usgs_11-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-usgs_11-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/antimony\/mcs-2016-antim.pdf\">“Mineral Commodity Summaries: Antimony”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/United_States_Geological_Survey\" title=\"United States Geological Survey\">United States Geological Survey<\/a>. Retrieved 1 January<\/span> 2016<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mineral+Commodity+Summaries%3A+Antimony&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fantimony%2Fmcs-2016-antim.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Greenwood-12\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Greenwood_12-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Greenwood_12-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-7506-3365-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-7506-3365-4\">0-7506-3365-4<\/a>.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-reger2009-13\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-reger2009_13-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Reger, Daniel L.; Goode, Scott R. & Ball, David W. (2009). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=OUIaM1V3ThsC&pg=PA883\">Chemistry: Principles and Practice<\/i><\/a> (3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 883. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-534-42012-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-534-42012-3\"><bdi>978-0-534-42012-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry%3A+Principles+and+Practice&rft.pages=883&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-534-42012-3&rft.au=Reger%2C+Daniel+L.&rft.au=Goode%2C+Scott+R.&rft.au=Ball%2C+David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOUIaM1V3ThsC%26pg%3DPA883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-house-14\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-house_14-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-house_14-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">House, James E. (2008). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ocKWuxOur-kC&pg=PA502\">Inorganic chemistry<\/i><\/a>. Academic Press. p. 502. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-356786-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-356786-4\"><bdi>978-0-12-356786-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+chemistry&rft.pages=502&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-12-356786-4&rft.au=House%2C+James+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DocKWuxOur-kC%26pg%3DPA502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-norman-15\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-norman_15-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-norman_15-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Godfrey, S. M.; McAuliffe, C. A.; Mackie, A. G. & Pritchard, R. G. (1998). Norman, Nicholas C. (ed.). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth<\/i>. Springer. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\"><bdi>978-0-7514-0389-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+arsenic%2C+antimony%2C+and+bismuth&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7514-0389-3&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+S.+M.&rft.au=McAuliffe%2C+C.+A.&rft.au=Mackie%2C+A.+G.&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+R.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Long, G.; Stevens, J. G.; Bowen, L. H.; Ruby, S. L. (1969). “The oxidation number of antimony in antimony pentasulfide”. Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters<\/i>. 5<\/b>: 21. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0020-1650%2869%2980231-X\">10.1016\/0020-1650(69)80231-X<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+and+Nuclear+Chemistry+Letters&rft.atitle=The+oxidation+number+of+antimony+in+antimony+pentasulfide&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0020-1650%2869%2980231-X&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Bowen%2C+L.+H.&rft.au=Ruby%2C+S.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Lees, R.; Powell, A.; Chippindale, A. (2007). “The synthesis and characterisation of four new antimony sulphides incorporating transition-metal complexes”. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids<\/i>. 68<\/b> (5\u20136): 1215. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2007JPCS...68.1215L\">2007JPCS…68.1215L<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jpcs.2006.12.010\">10.1016\/j.jpcs.2006.12.010<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Solids&rft.atitle=The+synthesis+and+characterisation+of+four+new+antimony+sulphides+incorporating+transition-metal+complexes&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&rft.pages=1215&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jpcs.2006.12.010&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007JPCS...68.1215L&rft.aulast=Lees&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Powell%2C+A.&rft.au=Chippindale%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Kahlenberg, Louis (2008). Outlines of Chemistry \u2013 A Textbook for College Students<\/i>. READ BOOKS. pp. 324\u2013325. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4097-6995-8\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4097-6995-8\"><bdi>978-1-4097-6995-8<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outlines+of+Chemistry+%E2%80%93+A+Textbook+for+College+Students&rft.pages=324-325&rft.pub=READ+BOOKS&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4097-6995-8&rft.au=Kahlenberg%2C+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Elschenbroich, C. “Organometallics” (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/3-527-29390-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/3-527-29390-6\">3-527-29390-6<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Shortland, A. J. (2006). “Application of Lead Isotope Analysis to a Wide Range of Late Bronze Age Egyptian Materials”. Archaeometry<\/i>. 48<\/b> (4): 657. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4754.2006.00279.x\">10.1111\/j.1475-4754.2006.00279.x<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeometry&rft.atitle=Application+of+Lead+Isotope+Analysis+to+a+Wide+Range+of+Late+Bronze+Age+Egyptian+Materials&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=657&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-4754.2006.00279.x&rft.aulast=Shortland&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-moorey-21\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-moorey_21-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-moorey_21-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-moorey_21-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-moorey_21-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Moorey, P. R. S. (1994). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=P_Ixuott4doC&pg=PA241\">Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: the Archaeological Evidence<\/i><\/a>. New York: Clarendon Press. p. 241. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-57506-042-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-57506-042-2\"><bdi>978-1-57506-042-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Mesopotamian+Materials+and+Industries%3A+the+Archaeological+Evidence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-042-2&rft.aulast=Moorey&rft.aufirst=P.+R.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DP_Ixuott4doC%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-mellor-22\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-mellor_22-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-mellor_22-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-mellor_22-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-mellor_22-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Mellor, Joseph William (1964). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=BGE6AQAAIAAJ\">“Antimony”<\/a>. A comprehensive treatise on inorganic and theoretical chemistry<\/i>. 9<\/b>. p. 339.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antimony&rft.btitle=A+comprehensive+treatise+on+inorganic+and+theoretical+chemistry&rft.pages=339&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Mellor%2C+Joseph+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBGE6AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-23\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Pliny, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Natural_History_(Pliny)\" title=\"Natural History (Pliny)\">Natural history<\/a><\/i>, 33.33; W.H.S. Jones, the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Loeb_Classical_Library\" title=\"Loeb Classical Library\">Loeb Classical Library<\/a> translator, supplies a note suggesting the identifications.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Sarton-24\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Sarton_24-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <a href=\"\/wiki\/George_Sarton\" title=\"George Sarton\">George Sarton<\/a>, Introduction to the History of Science<\/i>. “We find in his writings […] preparation of various substances (e.g., basic lead carbonatic, arsenic and antimony from their sulphides).”<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Vannoccio Biringuccio, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/library.si.edu\/digital-library\/book\/delapirotechnial00biri\">De la Pirotechnia<\/i><\/a> (Venice (Italy): Curtio Navo e fratelli, 1540), Book 2, chapter 3: Del antimonio & sua miniera, Capitolo terzo<\/i> (On antimony and its ore, third chapter), pp. 27-28. [Note: Only every second page of this book is numbered, so the relevant passage is to be found on the 74th and 75th pages of the text.] (in Italian)<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-26\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Priesner, Claus; Figala, Karin, eds. (1998). Alchemie. Lexikon einer hermetischen Wissenschaft<\/i> (in German). M\u00fcnchen: C.H. Beck.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alchemie.+Lexikon+einer+hermetischen+Wissenschaft&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> s.v. “Basilius Valentinus.” Harold Jantz was perhaps the only modern scholar to deny Th\u00f6lde’s authorship, but he too agrees the work dates from after 1550: see his <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/microformguides.gale.com\/Data\/Download\/2025000R.pdf\">catalogue of German Baroque literature<\/a>.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-29\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mary_Elvira_Weeks\" title=\"Mary Elvira Weeks\">Weeks, Mary Elvira<\/a> (1932). “The discovery of the elements. II. Elements known to the alchemists”. Journal of Chemical Education<\/i>. 9<\/b> (1): 11. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1932JChEd...9...11W\">1932JChEd…9…11W<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Fed009p11\">10.1021\/ed009p11<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+the+elements.+II.+Elements+known+to+the+alchemists&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed009p11&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932JChEd...9...11W&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-30\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mindat.org\/min-262.html\">“Native antimony”<\/a>. Mindat.org.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Native+antimony&rft.pub=Mindat.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-262.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-31\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Klaproth, M. (1803). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qxtRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA230\">“XL. Extracts from the third volume of the analyses”<\/a>. Philosophical Magazine<\/i>. Series 1. 17<\/b> (67): 230. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F14786440308676406\">10.1080\/14786440308676406<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Magazine&rft.atitle=XL.+Extracts+from+the+third+volume+of+the+analyses&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=67&rft.pages=230&rft.date=1803&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14786440308676406&rft.aulast=Klaproth&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqxtRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-etym-32\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-etym_32-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-etym_32-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\">Harper, Douglas. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/?term=antimony\">“antimony”<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Online_Etymology_Dictionary\" title=\"Online Etymology Dictionary\">Online Etymology Dictionary<\/a><\/i>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=antimony&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dantimony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-33\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Fernando, Diana (1998). Alchemy: an illustrated A to Z<\/i>. Blandford.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alchemy%3A+an+illustrated+A+to+Z&rft.pub=Blandford&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Fernando%2C+Diana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/> Fernando even derives it from the story of how “Basil Valentine” and his fellow monastic alchemists poisoned themselves by working with antimony; antimonium<\/i> is found two centuries before his time. “Popular etymology” from OED<\/i>; as for antimonos<\/i>, the pure negative would be more naturally expressed by a-<\/i> “not”.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-34\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Lippman, pp. 643\u20135<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-35\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Lippman, p. 642, writing in 1919, says “zuerst<\/i>“.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-36\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-36\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Meyerhof as quoted in Sarton, asserts that ithmid<\/i> or athmoud<\/i> became corrupted in the medieval “traductions barbaro-latines”.; the OED<\/i> asserts some Arabic form is the origin, and if ithmid<\/i> is the root, posits athimodium, atimodium, atimonium<\/i>, as intermediate forms.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-37\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Endlich, p. 28; one of the advantages of as-stimmi<\/i> would be that it has a whole syllable in common with antimonium<\/i>.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-38\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-38\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Endlich, F. M. (1888). “On Some Interesting Derivations of Mineral Names”. The American Naturalist<\/i>. 22<\/b> (253): 21\u201332. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F274630\">10.1086\/274630<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2451020\">2451020<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=On+Some+Interesting+Derivations+of+Mineral+Names&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=253&rft.pages=21-32&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F274630&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2451020&rft.aulast=Endlich&rft.aufirst=F.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-39\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-39\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> In his long article on chemical reactions and nomenclature \u2013 J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius, “Essay on the cause of chemical proportions, and on some circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy method of expressing them,” Annals of Philosophy<\/i>, vol. 2, pages 443\u2013454 (1813) and vol. 3, pages 51\u201362, 93\u2013106, 244\u2013255, 353\u2013364 (1814) \u2013 on <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=E8M4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA52\">page 52<\/a>, Berzelius lists the symbol for antimony as “St”; however, starting on <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=E8M4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA248\">page 248<\/a>, Berzelius subsequently uses the symbol “Sb” for antimony.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-40\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Albright, W. F. (1918). “Notes on Egypto-Semitic Etymology. II”. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures<\/i>. 34<\/b> (4): 215\u2013255 [230]. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F369866\">10.1086\/369866<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/528157\">528157<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Semitic+Languages+and+Literatures&rft.atitle=Notes+on+Egypto-Semitic+Etymology.+II&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=215-255+230&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F369866&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F528157&rft.aulast=Albright&rft.aufirst=W.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-sarton-41\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-sarton_41-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Sarton, George (1935). Translated by Max Meyerhof. “Review of Al-morchid fi’l-kohhl, ou Le guide d’oculistique<\/i>“. Isis<\/i> (in French). 22<\/b> (2): 539\u2013542 [541]. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F346926\">10.1086\/346926<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/225136\">225136<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Review+of+Al-morchid+fi%27l-kohhl%2C+ou+Le+guide+d%27oculistique&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=539-542+541&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F346926&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F225136&rft.au=Sarton%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/> quotes Meyerhof, the translator of the book he is reviewing.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-42\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-42\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <a href=\"\/wiki\/LSJ\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"LSJ\">LSJ<\/a>, s.v.<\/i>, vocalisation, spelling, and declension vary; Endlich, p. 28; Celsus, 6.6.6 ff; Pliny Natural History<\/i> 33.33; Lewis and Short: Latin Dictionary<\/i>. OED<\/i>, s. “antimony”.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-43\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-43\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Peng, J.; Hu, R.-Z.; Burnard, P. G. (2003). “Samarium\u2013neodymium isotope systematics of hydrothermal calcites from the Xikuangshan antimony deposit (Hunan, China): the potential of calcite as a geochronometer”. Chemical Geology<\/i>. 200<\/b> (1\u20132): 129. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2003ChGeo.200..129P\">2003ChGeo.200..129P<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0009-2541%2803%2900187-6\">10.1016\/S0009-2541(03)00187-6<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Geology&rft.atitle=Samarium%E2%80%93neodymium+isotope+systematics+of+hydrothermal+calcites+from+the+Xikuangshan+antimony+deposit+%28Hunan%2C+China%29%3A+the+potential+of+calcite+as+a+geochronometer&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=129&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0009-2541%2803%2900187-6&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ChGeo.200..129P&rft.aulast=Peng&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Hu%2C+R.-Z.&rft.au=Burnard%2C+P.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-44\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-44\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/antimony\/mcs-2017-antim.pdf\">“United States Geological Mineral Commodity Summary”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Geological+Mineral+Commodity+Summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fantimony%2Fmcs-2017-antim.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-45\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-45\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/Environmental-Protection-Law-2014-eversion.pdf\">“Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. 24 April 2014.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environmental+Protection+Law+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2014-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadialogue.net%2FEnvironmental-Protection-Law-2014-eversion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-46\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-46\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/antimony\/mcs-2016-antim.pdf\">“U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries: Antimony”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. 1 January 2016.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Geological+Survey%2C+Mineral+Commodity+Summaries%3A+Antimony&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fantimony%2Fmcs-2016-antim.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Roskill-47\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Roskill_47-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121018034957\/http:\/\/www.ancoa.com.au\/RoskillCRT.pdf\">“Study of the antimony market by Roskill Consulting Group”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ancoa.com.au\/RoskillCRT.pdf\">the original<\/a> (PDF)<\/span> on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 9 April<\/span> 2012<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Study+of+the+antimony+market+by+Roskill+Consulting+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancoa.com.au%2FRoskillCRT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-primer-48\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-primer_48-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-primer_48-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> \n<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/tri-starresources.com\/assets\/Antimony%20Primer%20Final%20Jan%202012(1).pdf\">Antimony Uses, Production and Prices Primer<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121025010012\/http:\/\/tri-starresources.com\/assets\/Antimony%20Primer%20Final%20Jan%202012%281%29.pdf\">Archived<\/a> 25 October 2012 at the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a> . tri-starresources.com<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-of03-49\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-4\">e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-5\">f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-6\">g<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Butterman, C.; Carlin, Jr., J. F. (2003). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/2003\/of03-019\/of03-019.pdf\">“Mineral Commodity Profiles: Antimony”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. United States Geological Survey.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mineral+Commodity+Profiles%3A+Antimony&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Butterman&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Carlin%2C+Jr.%2C+J.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fof%2F2003%2Fof03-019%2Fof03-019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Ullmann-50\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Ullmann_50-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Ullmann_50-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Ullmann_50-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> Grund, Sabina C.; Hanusch, Kunibert; Breunig, Hans J.; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2006) “Antimony and Antimony Compounds” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry<\/i>, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2F14356007.a03_055.pub2\">10.1002\/14356007.a03_055.pub2<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Norm-51\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Norm_51-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Norm_51-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Norman, Nicholas C (1998). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA45\">Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth<\/i><\/a>. p. 45. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\"><bdi>978-0-7514-0389-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+arsenic%2C+antimony%2C+and+bismuth&rft.pages=45&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7514-0389-3&rft.au=Norman%2C+Nicholas+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvVhpurkfeN4C%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-52\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-52\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Wilson, N. J.; Craw, D.; Hunter, K. (2004). “Antimony distribution and environmental mobility at an historic antimony smelter site, New Zealand”. Environmental Pollution<\/i>. 129<\/b> (2): 257\u201366. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2003.10.014\">10.1016\/j.envpol.2003.10.014<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14987811\">14987811<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Antimony+distribution+and+environmental+mobility+at+an+historic+antimony+smelter+site%2C+New+Zealand&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=257-66&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2003.10.014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14987811&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=N.+J.&rft.au=Craw%2C+D.&rft.au=Hunter%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-53\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-53\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/risklist.html\">“MineralsUK Risk List 2015”<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MineralsUK+Risk+List+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgs.ac.uk%2Fmineralsuk%2Fstatistics%2Frisklist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-54\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-54\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0297\">“Review of the list of critical raw materials for the EU and the implementation of the Raw Materials Initiative”<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+the+list+of+critical+raw+materials+for+the+EU+and+the+implementation+of+the+Raw+Materials+Initiative&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2Flegal-content%2FEN%2FTXT%2F%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A52014DC0297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-55\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-55\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/americanresources.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/ARPN_Quarterly_Report_WEB.pdf\">“American Resources Policy Network Report”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Resources+Policy+Network+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanresources.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F06%2FARPN_Quarterly_Report_WEB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-56\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-56\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/growth\/sectors\/raw-materials\/specific-interest\/critical_en\">“Critical Raw Materials”<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Critical+Raw+Materials&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fgrowth%2Fsectors%2Fraw-materials%2Fspecific-interest%2Fcritical_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-57\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-57\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Weil, Edward D.; Levchik, Sergei V. (4 June 2009). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ZG9VFSBnIPAC&pg=PA61\">“Antimony trioxide and Related Compounds”<\/a>. Flame retardants for plastics and textiles: Practical applications<\/i>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-3-446-41652-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-3-446-41652-9\"><bdi>978-3-446-41652-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antimony+trioxide+and+Related+Compounds&rft.btitle=Flame+retardants+for+plastics+and+textiles%3A+Practical+applications&rft.date=2009-06-04&rft.isbn=978-3-446-41652-9&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Edward+D.&rft.au=Levchik%2C+Sergei+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZG9VFSBnIPAC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-58\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-58\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Hastie, John W. (1973). “Mass spectrometric studies of flame inhibition: Analysis of antimony trihalides in flames”. Combustion and Flame<\/i>. 21<\/b>: 49. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0010-2180%2873%2990006-0\">10.1016\/0010-2180(73)90006-0<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Combustion+and+Flame&rft.atitle=Mass+spectrometric+studies+of+flame+inhibition%3A+Analysis+of+antimony+trihalides+in+flames&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=49&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0010-2180%2873%2990006-0&rft.aulast=Hastie&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-59\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-59\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Weil, Edward D.; Levchik, Sergei V. (4 June 2009). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ZG9VFSBnIPAC&pg=PA15\">Flame retardants for plastics and textiles: Practical applications<\/i><\/a>. pp. 15\u201316. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-3-446-41652-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-3-446-41652-9\"><bdi>978-3-446-41652-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flame+retardants+for+plastics+and+textiles%3A+Practical+applications&rft.pages=15-16&rft.date=2009-06-04&rft.isbn=978-3-446-41652-9&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Edward+D.&rft.au=Levchik%2C+Sergei+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZG9VFSBnIPAC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-60\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-60\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Kiehne, Heinz Albert (2003). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=1HSsx9fPAKkC&pg=PA60\">“Types of Alloys”<\/a>. Battery Technology Handbook<\/i>. CRC Press. pp. 60\u201361. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8247-4249-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8247-4249-2\"><bdi>978-0-8247-4249-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Types+of+Alloys&rft.btitle=Battery+Technology+Handbook&rft.pages=60-61&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-4249-2&rft.aulast=Kiehne&rft.aufirst=Heinz+Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D1HSsx9fPAKkC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-61\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-61\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Williams, Robert S. (2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=KR82QRlAgUwC&pg=PA46\">Principles of Metallography<\/i><\/a>. Read books. pp. 46\u201347. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4067-4671-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4067-4671-6\"><bdi>978-1-4067-4671-6<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Metallography&rft.pages=46-47&rft.pub=Read+books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4067-4671-6&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DKR82QRlAgUwC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-62\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-62\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Holmyard, E. J. (2008). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=IYZezyEvZ78C&pg=PA399\">Inorganic Chemistry \u2013 A Textbook for Colleges and Schools<\/i><\/a>. Read Books<\/i>. pp. 399\u2013400. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4437-2253-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4437-2253-7\"><bdi>978-1-4437-2253-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry+%E2%80%93+A+Textbook+for+Colleges+and+Schools&rft.pages=399-400&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4437-2253-7&rft.aulast=Holmyard&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DIYZezyEvZ78C%26pg%3DPA399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-63\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-63\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Ipser, H.; Flandorfer, H.; Luef, Ch.; Schmetterer, C.; Saeed, U. (2007). “Thermodynamics and phase diagrams of lead-free solder materials”. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics<\/i>. 18<\/b> (1\u20133): 3\u201317. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs10854-006-9009-3\">10.1007\/s10854-006-9009-3<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Materials+Science%3A+Materials+in+Electronics&rft.atitle=Thermodynamics+and+phase+diagrams+of+lead-free+solder+materials&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=3-17&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10854-006-9009-3&rft.aulast=Ipser&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Flandorfer%2C+H.&rft.au=Luef%2C+Ch.&rft.au=Schmetterer%2C+C.&rft.au=Saeed%2C+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-64\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-64\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Hull, Charles (1992). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=3_zyycVRw18C\">Pewter<\/i><\/a>. Osprey Publishing. pp. 1\u20135. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7478-0152-8\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7478-0152-8\"><bdi>978-0-7478-0152-8<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pewter&rft.pages=1-5&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7478-0152-8&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D3_zyycVRw18C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-65\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-65\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">De Jong, Bernard H. W. S.; Beerkens, Ruud G. C.; Van Nijnatten, Peter A. (2000). “Glass”. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry<\/i>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2F14356007.a12_365\">10.1002\/14356007.a12_365<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-3-527-30673-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-3-527-30673-2\"><bdi>978-3-527-30673-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Glass&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a12_365&rft.isbn=978-3-527-30673-2&rft.aulast=De+Jong&rft.aufirst=Bernard+H.+W.+S.&rft.au=Beerkens%2C+Ruud+G.+C.&rft.au=Van+Nijnatten%2C+Peter+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-66\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-66\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Yamashita, H.; Yamaguchi, S.; Nishimura, R.; Maekawa, T. (2001). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eurochem.cz\/polavolt\/anorg\/systemat\/sb\/navody%5Ca17_0045.pdf\">“Voltammetric Studies of Antimony Ions in Soda-lime-silica Glass Melts up to 1873 K”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. Analytical Sciences<\/i>. 17<\/b> (1): 45\u201350. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.2116%2Fanalsci.17.45\">10.2116\/analsci.17.45<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11993676\">11993676<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Voltammetric+Studies+of+Antimony+Ions+in+Soda-lime-silica+Glass+Melts+up+to+1873+K&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-50&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2116%2Fanalsci.17.45&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11993676&rft.aulast=Yamashita&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+S.&rft.au=Nishimura%2C+R.&rft.au=Maekawa%2C+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurochem.cz%2Fpolavolt%2Fanorg%2Fsystemat%2Fsb%2Fnavody%255Ca17_0045.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-67\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-67\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">O’Mara, William C.; Herring, Robert B.; Hunt, Lee Philip (1990). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=COcVgAtqeKkC&pg=PA473\">Handbook of semiconductor silicon technology<\/i><\/a>. William Andrew. p. 473. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8155-1237-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8155-1237-0\"><bdi>978-0-8155-1237-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+semiconductor+silicon+technology&rft.pages=473&rft.pub=William+Andrew&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8155-1237-0&rft.aulast=O%27Mara&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft.au=Herring%2C+Robert+B.&rft.au=Hunt%2C+Lee+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCOcVgAtqeKkC%26pg%3DPA473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-68\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-68\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Maiti, C. K. (2008). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=_7fOlKRDcCkC&pg=PA101\">Selected Works of Professor Herbert Kroemer<\/i><\/a>. World Scientific, 2008. p. 101. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-981-270-901-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-981-270-901-1\"><bdi>978-981-270-901-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Works+of+Professor+Herbert+Kroemer&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=World+Scientific%2C+2008&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-981-270-901-1&rft.aulast=Maiti&rft.aufirst=C.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D_7fOlKRDcCkC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-69\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-69\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Committee On New Sensor Technologies: Materials And Applications, National Research Council (U.S.) (1995). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=X-qeJG1k2jwC&pg=PA68\">Expanding the vision of sensor materials<\/i><\/a>. p. 68. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-309-05175-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-309-05175-0\"><bdi>978-0-309-05175-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expanding+the+vision+of+sensor+materials&rft.pages=68&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-309-05175-0&rft.aulast=Committee+On+New+Sensor+Technologies%3A+Materials+And+Applications&rft.aufirst=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX-qeJG1k2jwC%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-70\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-70\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Kinch, Michael A (2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=wBQCKN_GKhAC&pg=PA35\">Fundamentals of infrared detector materials<\/i><\/a>. p. 35. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8194-6731-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8194-6731-7\"><bdi>978-0-8194-6731-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+infrared+detector+materials&rft.pages=35&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8194-6731-7&rft.au=Kinch%2C+Michael+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwBQCKN_GKhAC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-71\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-71\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Willardson, Robert K & Beer, Albert C (1970). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=WR4_GzaAQM0C&pg=PA15\">Infrared detectors<\/i><\/a>. p. 15. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-752105-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-752105-3\"><bdi>978-0-12-752105-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infrared+detectors&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-12-752105-3&rft.au=Willardson%2C+Robert+K&rft.au=Beer%2C+Albert+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWR4_GzaAQM0C%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-72\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-72\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Russell, Colin A. (2000). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1064207\">“Antimony’s Curious History”<\/a>. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London<\/i>. 54<\/b> (1): 115\u2013116. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frsnr.2000.0101\">10.1098\/rsnr.2000.0101<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/532063\">532063<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Central\" title=\"PubMed Central\">PMC<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1064207\">1064207<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Antimony%27s+Curious+History&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=115-116&rft.date=2000&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1064207&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F532063&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2000.0101&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Colin+A.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1064207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-73\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-73\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Harder, A. (2002). “Chemotherapeutic approaches to schistosomes: Current knowledge and outlook”. Parasitology Research<\/i>. 88<\/b> (5): 395\u20137. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs00436-001-0588-x\">10.1007\/s00436-001-0588-x<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12049454\">12049454<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology+Research&rft.atitle=Chemotherapeutic+approaches+to+schistosomes%3A+Current+knowledge+and+outlook&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=395-7&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00436-001-0588-x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12049454&rft.au=Harder%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-74\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-74\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Kassirsky, I. A.; Plotnikov, N. N. (1 August 2003). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=JAkOtJsGqiQC&pg=PA262\">Diseases of Warm Lands: A Clinical Manual<\/i><\/a>. pp. 262\u2013265. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4102-0789-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4102-0789-0\"><bdi>978-1-4102-0789-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diseases+of+Warm+Lands%3A+A+Clinical+Manual&rft.pages=262-265&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4102-0789-0&rft.aulast=Kassirsky&rft.aufirst=I.+A.&rft.au=Plotnikov%2C+N.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJAkOtJsGqiQC%26pg%3DPA262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-75\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-75\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Organisation Mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (1995). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=bXhn6Gzxwu0C&pg=PA19\">Drugs used in parasitic diseases<\/i><\/a>. pp. 19\u201321. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-92-4-140104-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-92-4-140104-3\"><bdi>978-92-4-140104-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drugs+used+in+parasitic+diseases&rft.pages=19-21&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-92-4-140104-3&rft.au=Organisation+Mondiale+de+la+Sant%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXhn6Gzxwu0C%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-76\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-76\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">McCallum, R. I. (1999). Antimony in medical history: an account of the medical uses of antimony and its compounds since early times to the present<\/i>. Pentland Press. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-85821-642-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-85821-642-3\"><bdi>978-1-85821-642-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antimony+in+medical+history%3A+an+account+of+the+medical+uses+of+antimony+and+its+compounds+since+early+times+to+the+present&rft.pub=Pentland+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85821-642-3&rft.au=McCallum%2C+R.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Trends-77\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Trends_77-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">National Research Council (1970). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=TyQrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA50\">Trends in usage of antimony: report<\/i><\/a>. National Academies. p. 50.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trends+in+usage+of+antimony%3A+report&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=National+Academies&rft.date=1970&rft.au=National+Research+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DTyQrAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-78\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-78\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Stellman, Jeanne Mager (1998). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=nDhpLa1rl44C&pg=PT109\">Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety: Chemical, industries and occupations<\/i><\/a>. p. 109. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-92-2-109816-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-92-2-109816-4\"><bdi>978-92-2-109816-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Occupational+Health+and+Safety%3A+Chemical%2C+industries+and+occupations&rft.pages=109&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-92-2-109816-4&rft.au=Stellman%2C+Jeanne+Mager&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnDhpLa1rl44C%26pg%3DPT109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-79\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-79\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Jang, H & Kim, S. (2000). “The effects of antimony trisulfide Sb S and zirconium silicate in the automotive brake friction material on friction”. Journal of Wear<\/i>. 239<\/b> (2): 229. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fs0043-1648%2800%2900314-8\">10.1016\/s0043-1648(00)00314-8<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wear&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+antimony+trisulfide+Sb+S+and+zirconium+silicate+in+the+automotive+brake+friction+material+on+friction&rft.volume=239&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=229&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0043-1648%2800%2900314-8&rft.au=Jang%2C+H&rft.au=Kim%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-80\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-80\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Randich, Erik; Duerfeldt, Wayne; McLendon, Wade; Tobin, William (2002). “A metallurgical review of the interpretation of bullet lead compositional analysis”. Forensic Science International<\/i>. 127<\/b> (3): 174\u201391. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0379-0738%2802%2900118-4\">10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00118-4<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12175947\">12175947<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+International&rft.atitle=A+metallurgical+review+of+the+interpretation+of+bullet+lead+compositional+analysis&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=174-91&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0379-0738%2802%2900118-4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12175947&rft.aulast=Randich&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.au=Duerfeldt%2C+Wayne&rft.au=McLendon%2C+Wade&rft.au=Tobin%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-81\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-81\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Lalovic, M.; Werle, H. (1970). “The energy distribution of antimonyberyllium photoneutrons”. Journal of Nuclear Energy<\/i>. 24<\/b> (3): 123. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1970JNuE...24..123L\">1970JNuE…24..123L<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0022-3107%2870%2990058-4\">10.1016\/0022-3107(70)90058-4<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.atitle=The+energy+distribution+of+antimonyberyllium+photoneutrons&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=123&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-3107%2870%2990058-4&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1970JNuE...24..123L&rft.aulast=Lalovic&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Werle%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-82\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-82\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Ahmed, Syed Naeem (2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=3KdmdcGbBywC&pg=PA51\">Physics and engineering of radiation detection<\/i><\/a>. p. 51. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2007perd.book.....A\">2007perd.book…..A<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-045581-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-045581-2\"><bdi>978-0-12-045581-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+and+engineering+of+radiation+detection&rft.pages=51&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007perd.book.....A&rft.isbn=978-0-12-045581-2&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Syed+Naeem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3KdmdcGbBywC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-83\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-83\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Schmitt, H (1960). “Determination of the energy of antimony-beryllium photoneutrons”. Nuclear Physics<\/i>. 20<\/b>: 220. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1960NucPh..20..220S\">1960NucPh..20..220S<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0029-5582%2860%2990171-1\">10.1016\/0029-5582(60)90171-1<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+energy+of+antimony-beryllium+photoneutrons&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=220&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0029-5582%2860%2990171-1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1960NucPh..20..220S&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-84\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-84\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite id=\"CITEREFRabbeinu_Hananel1995\" class=\"citation\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chananel_ben_Chushiel\" title=\"Chananel ben Chushiel\">Rabbeinu Hananel<\/a> (1995), “Rabbeinu Hananel’s Commentary on Tractate Shabbat”, in Metzger, David (ed.), Perushe Rabenu \u1e24anan\u02bcel Bar \u1e24ushi\u02bcel la-Talmud<\/i> (in Hebrew), Jerusalem: Mekhon ‘Lev Samea\u1e25’, p. 215 (Shabbat 109a), <a href=\"\/wiki\/OCLC\" title=\"OCLC\">OCLC<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/319767989\">319767989<\/a><\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rabbeinu+Hananel%27s+Commentary+on+Tractate+Shabbat&rft.btitle=Perushe+Rabenu+%E1%B8%A4anan%CA%BCel+Bar+%E1%B8%A4ushi%CA%BCel+la-Talmud&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=215+%28Shabbat+109a%29&rft.pub=Mekhon+%27Lev+Samea%E1%B8%A5%27&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F319767989&rft.au=Rabbeinu+Hananel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-85\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_85-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_85-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_85-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_85-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\">NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/npg\/npgd0036.html\">“#0036”<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health\" title=\"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health\">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health<\/a> (NIOSH).<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%230036&rft.pub=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+%28NIOSH%29&rft.au=NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0036.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-86\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-86\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Wakayama, Hiroshi (2003) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nilim.go.jp\/lab\/bcg\/siryou\/tnn\/tnn0264pdf\/ks0264011.pdf\">“Revision of Drinking Water Standards in Japan”<\/a>, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan); Table 2, p. 84<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-shotyk-87\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-shotyk_87-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Shotyk, W.; Krachler, M.; Chen, B. (2006). “Contamination of Canadian and European bottled waters with antimony from PET containers”. Journal of Environmental Monitoring<\/i>. 8<\/b> (2): 288\u201392. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1039%2Fb517844b\">10.1039\/b517844b<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16470261\">16470261<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Contamination+of+Canadian+and+European+bottled+waters+with+antimony+from+PET+containers&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=288-92&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fb517844b&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16470261&rft.au=Shotyk%2C+W.&rft.au=Krachler%2C+M.&rft.au=Chen%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-88\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-88\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/44584\/1\/9789241548151_eng.pdf\">Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality<\/i><\/a> (PDF)<\/span> (4th ed.). World Health Organization. 2011. p. 314. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-92-4-154815-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-92-4-154815-1\"><bdi>978-92-4-154815-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+Drinking-water+Quality&rft.pages=314&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-92-4-154815-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fbitstream%2F10665%2F44584%2F1%2F9789241548151_eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-atsdr.cdc.gov-89\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-atsdr.cdc.gov_89-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-atsdr.cdc.gov_89-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-atsdr.cdc.gov_89-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp23.pdf\">https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp23.pdf<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-90\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-90\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/antimony-poisoning\">“Antimony poisoning”<\/a>. Encyclopedia Britannica<\/i>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Antimony+poisoning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fantimony-poisoning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-91\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-91\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Sundar, S; Chakravarty, J (2010). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3037053\">“Antimony Toxicity”<\/a>. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health<\/i>. 7<\/b> (12): 4267\u20134277. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fijerph7124267\">10.3390\/ijerph7124267<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Central\" title=\"PubMed Central\">PMC<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3037053\">3037053<\/a><\/span>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21318007\">21318007<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Research+and+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Antimony+Toxicity&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=4267-4277&rft.date=2010&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3037053&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21318007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijerph7124267&rft.aulast=Sundar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Chakravarty%2C+J&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3037053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<h2>Bibliography<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=27\" title=\"Edit section: Bibliography\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul><li><cite class=\"citation journal\">Endlich, F. M. (1888). “On Some Interesting Derivations of Mineral Names”. The American Naturalist<\/i>. 22<\/b> (253): 21\u201332 [28]. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F274630\">10.1086\/274630<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2451020\">2451020<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=On+Some+Interesting+Derivations+of+Mineral+Names&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=253&rft.pages=21-32+28&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F274630&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2451020&rft.au=Endlich%2C+F.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Edmund_Oscar_von_Lippmann\" title=\"Edmund Oscar von Lippmann\">Edmund Oscar von Lippmann<\/a> (1919) Entstehung und Ausbreitung der Alchemie, teil 1. Berlin: Julius Springer (in German).<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090115095847\/http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/phs23.html\">Public Health Statement for Antimony<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>External links<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=28\" title=\"Edit section: External links\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<table role=\"presentation\" class=\"mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox\" style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td class=\"mbox-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"30\" height=\"40\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"1376\" \/><\/td>\n<td class=\"mbox-text plainlist\">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"commons:Antimony\">Antimony<\/a><\/b><\/i>.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<table role=\"presentation\" class=\"mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox\" style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td class=\"mbox-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg\/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg\/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg\/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/td>\n<td class=\"mbox-text plainlist\">Look up <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/antimony\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wiktionary:antimony\">antimony<\/a><\/b><\/i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.antimony.com\/\">International Antimony Association vzw (i2a<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rsc.org\/chemistryworld\/podcast\/element.asp\">Chemistry in its element podcast<\/a> (MP3) from the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry\" title=\"Royal Society of Chemistry\">Royal Society of Chemistry<\/a>‘s <a href=\"\/wiki\/Chemistry_World\" title=\"Chemistry World\">Chemistry World<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rsc.org\/images\/CIIE_antimony_48kbps_tcm18-128033.mp3\">Antimony<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.periodicvideos.com\/videos\/051.htm\">Antimony<\/a> at <a href=\"\/wiki\/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"The Periodic Table of Videos\">The Periodic Table of Videos<\/a><\/i> (University of Nottingham)<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/npg\/npgd0036.html\">CDC \u2013 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards \u2013 Antimony<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Periodic_table_(Large_cells)\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div class=\"plainlinks hlist navbar mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)\" title=\"Template:Periodic table (32 columns, compact)\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">v<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template_talk:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)\" title=\"Template talk:Periodic table (32 columns, compact)\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">t<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)&action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">e<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div id=\"Periodic_table_(Large_cells)\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Periodic_table\" title=\"Periodic table\">Periodic table<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_detailed_cells)\" title=\"Template:Periodic table (32 columns, detailed cells)\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"\/>(Large cells)<\/small><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"table-layout:fixed; width:100%;\" aria-describedby=\"periodic-table-legend\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<td style=\"line-height:100%;\">\n<\/td>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Alkali_metal\" title=\"Alkali metal\">1<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Alkaline_earth_metal\" title=\"Alkaline earth metal\">2<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_3_element\" title=\"Group 3 element\">3<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td colspan=\"14\">\n<\/td>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_4_element\" title=\"Group 4 element\">4<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_5_element\" title=\"Group 5 element\">5<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_6_element\" title=\"Group 6 element\">6<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_7_element\" title=\"Group 7 element\">7<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_8_element\" title=\"Group 8 element\">8<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_9_element\" title=\"Group 9 element\">9<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_10_element\" title=\"Group 10 element\">10<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_11_element\" title=\"Group 11 element\">11<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_12_element\" title=\"Group 12 element\">12<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Boron_group\" title=\"Boron group\">13<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Carbon_group\" title=\"Carbon group\">14<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Pnictogen\" title=\"Pnictogen\">15<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chalcogen\" title=\"Chalcogen\">16<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Halogen\" title=\"Halogen\">17<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Noble_gas\" title=\"Noble gas\">18<\/a>\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_1_element\" title=\"Period 1 element\">1<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Hydrogen, 1 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrogen\" title=\"Hydrogen\">H<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"30\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Helium, 2 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Helium\" title=\"Helium\">He<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_2_element\" title=\"Period 2 element\">2<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Lithium, 3 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lithium\" title=\"Lithium\">Li<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Beryllium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Beryllium\" title=\"Beryllium\">Be<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"24\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Boron, 5 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Boron\" title=\"Boron\">B<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Carbon, 6 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Carbon\" title=\"Carbon\">C<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Nitrogen, 7 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nitrogen\" title=\"Nitrogen\">N<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Oxygen, 8 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxygen\" title=\"Oxygen\">O<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Fluorine, 9 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Fluorine\" title=\"Fluorine\">F<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Neon, 10 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neon\" title=\"Neon\">Ne<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_3_element\" title=\"Period 3 element\">3<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Sodium, 11 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Sodium\" title=\"Sodium\">Na<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Magnesium\" title=\"Magnesium\">Mg<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"24\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Aluminium\" title=\"Aluminium\">Al<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Silicon, 14 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Silicon\" title=\"Silicon\">Si<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Phosphorus, 15 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Phosphorus\" title=\"Phosphorus\">P<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Sulfur, 16 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Sulfur\" title=\"Sulfur\">S<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Chlorine, 17 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chlorine\" title=\"Chlorine\">Cl<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Argon, 18 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Argon\" title=\"Argon\">Ar<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_4_element\" title=\"Period 4 element\">4<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Potassium, 19 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Potassium\" title=\"Potassium\">K<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Calcium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Calcium\" title=\"Calcium\">Ca<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Scandium, 21 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Scandium\" title=\"Scandium\">Sc<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"14\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Titanium, 22 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Titanium\" title=\"Titanium\">Ti<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Vanadium\" title=\"Vanadium\">V<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Chromium, 24 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chromium\" title=\"Chromium\">Cr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Manganese, 25 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Manganese\" title=\"Manganese\">Mn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Iron, 26 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iron\" title=\"Iron\">Fe<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Cobalt, 27 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cobalt\" title=\"Cobalt\">Co<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Nickel, 28 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nickel\" title=\"Nickel\">Ni<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Copper, 29 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Copper\" title=\"Copper\">Cu<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Zinc, 30 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Zinc\" title=\"Zinc\">Zn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Gallium, 31 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gallium\" title=\"Gallium\">Ga<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Germanium, 32 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Germanium\" title=\"Germanium\">Ge<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Arsenic, 33 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">As<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Selenium, 34 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Selenium\" title=\"Selenium\">Se<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Bromine, 35 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bromine\" title=\"Bromine\">Br<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Krypton, 36 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Krypton\" title=\"Krypton\">Kr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_5_element\" title=\"Period 5 element\">5<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rubidium\" title=\"Rubidium\">Rb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Strontium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Strontium\" title=\"Strontium\">Sr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Yttrium, 39 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Yttrium\" title=\"Yttrium\">Y<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"14\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Zirconium, 40 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Zirconium\" title=\"Zirconium\">Zr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Niobium, 41 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Niobium\" title=\"Niobium\">Nb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Molybdenum, 42 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Molybdenum\" title=\"Molybdenum\">Mo<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Technetium, 43 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Technetium\" title=\"Technetium\">Tc<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Ruthenium, 44 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ruthenium\" title=\"Ruthenium\">Ru<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Rhodium, 45 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rhodium\" title=\"Rhodium\">Rh<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Palladium, 46 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Palladium\" title=\"Palladium\">Pd<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Silver, 47 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Silver\" title=\"Silver\">Ag<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Cadmium, 48 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cadmium\" title=\"Cadmium\">Cd<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Indium\" title=\"Indium\">In<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tin, 50 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">Sn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Antimony, 51 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black; ;\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Sb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tellurium, 52 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium\" title=\"Tellurium\">Te<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Iodine, 53 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iodine\" title=\"Iodine\">I<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Xenon, 54 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Xenon\" title=\"Xenon\">Xe<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_6_element\" title=\"Period 6 element\">6<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Caesium, 55 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Caesium\" title=\"Caesium\">Cs<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Barium\" title=\"Barium\">Ba<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Lanthanum, 57 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lanthanum\" title=\"Lanthanum\">La<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Cerium, 58 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cerium\" title=\"Cerium\">Ce<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Praseodymium, 59 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Praseodymium\" title=\"Praseodymium\">Pr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Neodymium, 60 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neodymium\" title=\"Neodymium\">Nd<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Promethium, 61 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Promethium\" title=\"Promethium\">Pm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Samarium\" title=\"Samarium\">Sm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Europium, 63 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Europium\" title=\"Europium\">Eu<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gadolinium\" title=\"Gadolinium\">Gd<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Terbium\" title=\"Terbium\">Tb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Dysprosium, 66 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Dysprosium\" title=\"Dysprosium\">Dy<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Holmium\" title=\"Holmium\">Ho<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Erbium\" title=\"Erbium\">Er<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Thulium, 69 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thulium\" title=\"Thulium\">Tm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Ytterbium, 70 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ytterbium\" title=\"Ytterbium\">Yb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Lutetium, 71 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lutetium\" title=\"Lutetium\">Lu<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hafnium\" title=\"Hafnium\">Hf<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tantalum\" title=\"Tantalum\">Ta<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tungsten, 74 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tungsten\" title=\"Tungsten\">W<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Rhenium, 75 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rhenium\" title=\"Rhenium\">Re<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Osmium, 76 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Osmium\" title=\"Osmium\">Os<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Iridium, 77 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iridium\" title=\"Iridium\">Ir<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Platinum, 78 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Platinum\" title=\"Platinum\">Pt<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Gold, 79 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gold\" title=\"Gold\">Au<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Mercury, 80 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mercury_(element)\" title=\"Mercury (element)\">Hg<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Thallium, 81 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thallium\" title=\"Thallium\">Tl<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Lead, 82 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">Pb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Bismuth, 83 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bismuth\" title=\"Bismuth\">Bi<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">Po<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Astatine, 85 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Astatine\" title=\"Astatine\">At<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Radon, 86 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radon\" title=\"Radon\">Rn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_7_element\" title=\"Period 7 element\">7<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Francium, 87 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Francium\" title=\"Francium\">Fr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">Ra<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Actinium, 89 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Actinium\" title=\"Actinium\">Ac<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Thorium, 90 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thorium\" title=\"Thorium\">Th<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Protactinium, 91 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Protactinium\" title=\"Protactinium\">Pa<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Uranium, 92 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Uranium\" title=\"Uranium\">U<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Neptunium, 93 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neptunium\" title=\"Neptunium\">Np<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Plutonium, 94 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Plutonium\" title=\"Plutonium\">Pu<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Americium, 95 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Americium\" title=\"Americium\">Am<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Curium, 96 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Curium\" title=\"Curium\">Cm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Berkelium, 97 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Berkelium\" title=\"Berkelium\">Bk<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Californium, 98 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Californium\" title=\"Californium\">Cf<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Einsteinium\" title=\"Einsteinium\">Es<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Fermium, 100 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Fermium\" title=\"Fermium\">Fm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mendelevium\" title=\"Mendelevium\">Md<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Nobelium, 102 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nobelium\" title=\"Nobelium\">No<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Lawrencium, 103 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lawrencium\" title=\"Lawrencium\">Lr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Rutherfordium, 104 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rutherfordium\" title=\"Rutherfordium\">Rf<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Dubnium\" title=\"Dubnium\">Db<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Seaborgium\" title=\"Seaborgium\">Sg<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bohrium\" title=\"Bohrium\">Bh<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Hassium, 108 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hassium\" title=\"Hassium\">Hs<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Meitnerium\" title=\"Meitnerium\">Mt<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Darmstadtium\" title=\"Darmstadtium\">Ds<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Roentgenium\" title=\"Roentgenium\">Rg<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Copernicium, 112 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Copernicium\" title=\"Copernicium\">Cn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nihonium\" title=\"Nihonium\">Nh<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Flerovium, 114 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Flerovium\" title=\"Flerovium\">Fl<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Moscovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Moscovium\" title=\"Moscovium\">Mc<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Livermorium\" title=\"Livermorium\">Lv<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tennessine, 117 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tennessine\" title=\"Tennessine\">Ts<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Oganesson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oganesson\" title=\"Oganesson\">Og<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"><div role=\"presentation\" id=\"periodic-table-legend\" style=\"border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;\"><div style=\"padding:0.3em;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Alkali_metal\" title=\"Alkali metal\">Alkali metal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Alkaline_earth_metal\" title=\"Alkaline earth metal\">Alkaline earth metal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lanthanide\" title=\"Lanthanide\">Lanthanide<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Actinide\" title=\"Actinide\">Actinide<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Transition_metal\" title=\"Transition metal\">Transition metal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Post-transition_metal\" title=\"Post-transition metal\">Post-transition metal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Metalloid\" title=\"Metalloid\">Metalloid<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#f0ff8f;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Reactive_nonmetal\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Reactive nonmetal\">Reactive nonmetal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Noble_gas\" title=\"Noble gas\">Noble gas<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;\">Unknown chemical properties\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Antimony_compounds\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div class=\"plainlinks hlist navbar mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template:Antimony_compounds\" title=\"Template:Antimony compounds\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">v<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template_talk:Antimony_compounds\" title=\"Template talk:Antimony compounds\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">t<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Template:Antimony_compounds&action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">e<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div id=\"Antimony_compounds\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Antimony<\/a> compounds<\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_tribromide\" title=\"Antimony tribromide\">SbBr3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony(III)_acetate\" title=\"Antimony(III) acetate\">Sb(C2<\/sub>H3<\/sub>O2<\/sub>)3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trichloride\" title=\"Antimony trichloride\">SbCl3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentachloride\" title=\"Antimony pentachloride\">SbCl5<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trifluoride\" title=\"Antimony trifluoride\">SbF3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentafluoride\" title=\"Antimony pentafluoride\">SbF5<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibine\" title=\"Stibine\">SbH3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_triiodide\" title=\"Antimony triiodide\">SbI3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">Sb2<\/sub>O3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_tetroxide\" title=\"Antimony tetroxide\">Sb2<\/sub>O4<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentoxide\" title=\"Antimony pentoxide\">Sb2<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trisulfide\" title=\"Antimony trisulfide\">Sb2<\/sub>S3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentasulfide\" title=\"Antimony pentasulfide\">Sb2<\/sub>S5<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_sulfate\" title=\"Antimony sulfate\">Sb2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_triselenide\" title=\"Antimony triselenide\">Sb2<\/sub>Se3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_telluride\" title=\"Antimony telluride\">Sb2<\/sub>Te3<\/sub><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Authority_control_frameless_|text-top_|10px_|alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_|link=https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1099|Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Authority_control_frameless_|text-top_|10px_|alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_|link=https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1099|Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control\" title=\"Help:Authority control\">Authority control<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1099\" title=\"Edit this at Wikidata\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" style=\"vertical-align: text-top\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" \/><\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France\">BNF<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/catalogue.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb120163060\">cb120163060<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb120163060\">(data)<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Integrated_Authority_File\" title=\"Integrated Authority File\">GND<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4002299-7\">4002299-7<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number\" title=\"Library of Congress Control Number\">LCCN<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/subjects\/sh85005702\">sh85005702<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/National_Diet_Library\" title=\"National Diet Library\">NDL<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/id.ndl.go.jp\/auth\/ndlna\/00560276\">00560276<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<\/div><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"printfooter\">Retrieved from “<a dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&oldid=910247224\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&oldid=910247224<\/a>“<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"catlinks\" class=\"catlinks\" data-mw=\"interface\"><div id=\"mw-normal-catlinks\" class=\"mw-normal-catlinks\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:Category\" title=\"Help:Category\">Categories<\/a>: <ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Antimony\" title=\"Category:Antimony\">Antimony<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Chemical_elements\" title=\"Category:Chemical elements\">Chemical elements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Metalloids\" title=\"Category:Metalloids\">Metalloids<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Native_element_minerals\" title=\"Category:Native element minerals\">Native element minerals<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Nuclear_materials\" title=\"Category:Nuclear materials\">Nuclear materials<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Pnictogens\" title=\"Category:Pnictogens\">Pnictogens<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Trigonal_minerals\" title=\"Category:Trigonal minerals\">Trigonal minerals<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div id=\"mw-hidden-catlinks\" class=\"mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden\">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" title=\"Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)\">CS1 German-language sources (de)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)\" title=\"Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)\">CS1 French-language sources (fr)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" title=\"Category:Webarchive template wayback links\">Webarchive template wayback links<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)\" title=\"Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)\">CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2011\" 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href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q1099\" title=\"Link to connected data repository item [g]\" accesskey=\"g\">Wikidata item<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-cite\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Antimony&id=910247224\" title=\"Information on how to cite this page\">Cite this page<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"portal\" role=\"navigation\" id=\"p-wikibase-otherprojects\" aria-labelledby=\"p-wikibase-otherprojects-label\">\n\t\t\t<h3 id=\"p-wikibase-otherprojects-label\">In other projects<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Antimony\" hreflang=\"en\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"portal\" role=\"navigation\" id=\"p-coll-print_export\" aria-labelledby=\"p-coll-print_export-label\">\n\t\t\t<h3 id=\"p-coll-print_export-label\">Print\/export<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li id=\"coll-create_a_book\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Antimony\">Create a book<\/a><\/li><li id=\"coll-download-as-rl\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&page=Antimony&action=show-download-screen\">Download as PDF<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-print\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&printable=yes\" title=\"Printable version of this page [p]\" accesskey=\"p\">Printable version<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"portal\" role=\"navigation\" id=\"p-lang\" aria-labelledby=\"p-lang-label\">\n\t\t\t<h3 id=\"p-lang-label\">Languages<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-af\"><a href=\"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoon\" title=\"Antimoon \u2013 Afrikaans\" lang=\"af\" hreflang=\"af\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Afrikaans<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-am\"><a href=\"https:\/\/am.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%8D\" title=\"\u12a9\u120d \u2013 Amharic\" lang=\"am\" hreflang=\"am\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ar\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%AF\" title=\"\u0625\u062b\u0645\u062f \u2013 Arabic\" lang=\"ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-an\"><a href=\"https:\/\/an.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Aragonese\" lang=\"an\" hreflang=\"an\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Aragon\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup\"><a href=\"https:\/\/roa-rup.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibiu\" title=\"Stibiu \u2013 Aromanian\" lang=\"rup\" hreflang=\"rup\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Arm\u00e3neashti<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ast\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ast.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoniu\" title=\"Antimoniu \u2013 Asturian\" lang=\"ast\" hreflang=\"ast\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Asturianu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-az\"><a href=\"https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibium\" title=\"Stibium \u2013 Azerbaijani\" lang=\"az\" hreflang=\"az\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF\" title=\"\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ae\u09a8\u09bf \u2013 Bangla\" lang=\"bn\" hreflang=\"bn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Chinese (Min Nan)\" lang=\"nan\" hreflang=\"nan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">B\u00e2n-l\u00e2m-g\u00fa<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be\"><a href=\"https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430 (\u0445\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u044b \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442) \u2013 Belarusian\" lang=\"be\" hreflang=\"be\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old\"><a href=\"https:\/\/be-x-old.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u044b\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Belarusian (Tara\u0161kievica orthography)\" lang=\"be-tarask\" hreflang=\"be-tarask\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f (\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0446\u0430)\u200e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Bhojpuri\" lang=\"bh\" hreflang=\"bh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u092d\u094b\u091c\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Bulgarian\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B6%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D\" title=\"\u0f58\u0f72\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb6\u0f53\u0f0d \u2013 Tibetan\" lang=\"bo\" hreflang=\"bo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0f56\u0f7c\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f61\u0f72\u0f42<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Bosnian\" lang=\"bs\" hreflang=\"bs\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Bosanski<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-br\"><a href=\"https:\/\/br.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Breton\" lang=\"br\" hreflang=\"br\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Brezhoneg<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ca\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Catalan\" lang=\"ca\" hreflang=\"ca\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Catal\u00e0<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Chuvash\" lang=\"cv\" hreflang=\"cv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0427\u04d1\u0432\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonyo\" title=\"Antimonyo \u2013 Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Cebuano<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Czech\" lang=\"cs\" hreflang=\"cs\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u010ce\u0161tina<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-co\"><a href=\"https:\/\/co.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoniu\" title=\"Antimoniu \u2013 Corsican\" lang=\"co\" hreflang=\"co\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Corsu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Welsh\" lang=\"cy\" hreflang=\"cy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Cymraeg<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-da\"><a href=\"https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Danish\" lang=\"da\" hreflang=\"da\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Dansk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-de\"><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 German\" lang=\"de\" hreflang=\"de\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-et\"><a href=\"https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Estonian\" lang=\"et\" hreflang=\"et\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Eesti<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-el\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\" title=\"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u2013 Greek\" lang=\"el\" hreflang=\"el\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-myv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Erzya\" lang=\"myv\" hreflang=\"myv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u042d\u0440\u0437\u044f\u043d\u044c<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es\"><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimono\" title=\"Antimono \u2013 Esperanto\" lang=\"eo\" hreflang=\"eo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Esperanto<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Euskara<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86\" title=\"\u0622\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u2013 Persian\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hif\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hif.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Fiji Hindi\" lang=\"hif\" hreflang=\"hif\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Fiji Hindi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoine\" title=\"Antimoine \u2013 French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fur\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fur.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Friulian\" lang=\"fur\" hreflang=\"fur\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Furlan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ga\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ga.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antam%C3%B3n\" title=\"Antam\u00f3n \u2013 Irish\" lang=\"ga\" hreflang=\"ga\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Gaeilge<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoan\" title=\"Antimoan \u2013 Manx\" lang=\"gv\" hreflang=\"gv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Gaelg<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gd.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antamonaidh\" title=\"Antamonaidh \u2013 Scottish Gaelic\" lang=\"gd\" hreflang=\"gd\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">G\u00e0idhlig<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Galician\" lang=\"gl\" hreflang=\"gl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Galego<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80\" title=\"\u0a8f\u0a82\u0a9f\u0abf\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u2013 Gujarati\" lang=\"gu\" hreflang=\"gu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0a97\u0ac1\u0a9c\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aa4\u0ac0<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hak\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hak.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Hakka Chinese\" lang=\"hak\" hreflang=\"hak\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8a9e\/Hak-k\u00e2-ng\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-xal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xal.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Kalmyk\" lang=\"xal\" hreflang=\"xal\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0425\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0433<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%95%88%ED%8B%B0%EB%AA%A8%EB%8B%88\" title=\"\uc548\ud2f0\ubaa8\ub2c8 \u2013 Korean\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D4%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%80\" title=\"\u053e\u0561\u0580\u056b\u0580 \u2013 Armenian\" lang=\"hy\" hreflang=\"hy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0540\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0580\u0565\u0576<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hyw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D4%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%80\" title=\"\u053e\u0561\u0580\u056b\u0580 \u2013 Western Armenian\" lang=\"hyw\" hreflang=\"hyw\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0531\u0580\u0565\u0582\u0574\u057f\u0561\u0570\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0580\u0567\u0576<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u0910\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Hindi\" lang=\"hi\" hreflang=\"hi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Croatian\" lang=\"hr\" hreflang=\"hr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Hrvatski<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-io\"><a href=\"https:\/\/io.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Ido\" lang=\"io\" hreflang=\"io\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Ido<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id\"><a href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Indonesian\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ia\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ia.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Interlingua\" lang=\"ia\" hreflang=\"ia\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Interlingua<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-is\"><a href=\"https:\/\/is.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ant%C3%ADmon\" title=\"Ant\u00edmon \u2013 Icelandic\" lang=\"is\" hreflang=\"is\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u00cdslenska<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it\"><a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Italian\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-he\"><a href=\"https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F\" title=\"\u05d0\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05df \u2013 Hebrew\" lang=\"he\" hreflang=\"he\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Javanese\" lang=\"jv\" hreflang=\"jv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Jawa<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kbp.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ant%C9%A9m%CA%8Awan%C9%A9\" title=\"Ant\u0269m\u028awan\u0269 \u2013 Kabiye\" lang=\"kbp\" hreflang=\"kbp\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Kab\u0269y\u025b<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF\" title=\"\u0c86\u0c82\u0c9f\u0cbf\u0cae\u0cca\u0ca8\u0cbf \u2013 Kannada\" lang=\"kn\" hreflang=\"kn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0c95\u0ca8\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0ca1<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pam\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pam.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Pampanga\" lang=\"pam\" hreflang=\"pam\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Kapampangan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ka\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ka.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98\" title=\"\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u2013 Georgian\" lang=\"ka\" hreflang=\"ka\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5\" title=\"\u0421\u04af\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u2013 Kazakh\" lang=\"kk\" hreflang=\"kk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0448\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sw\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibi\" title=\"Stibi \u2013 Swahili\" lang=\"sw\" hreflang=\"sw\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Kiswahili<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Komi\" lang=\"kv\" hreflang=\"kv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ht\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ht.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimw%C3%A0n\" title=\"Antimw\u00e0n \u2013 Haitian Creole\" lang=\"ht\" hreflang=\"ht\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Krey\u00f2l ayisyen<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ku\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ku.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St%C3%AEby%C3%BBm\" title=\"St\u00eeby\u00fbm \u2013 Kurdish\" lang=\"ku\" hreflang=\"ku\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Kurd\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ky\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ky.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Kyrgyz\" lang=\"ky\" hreflang=\"ky\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437\u0447\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mrj.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Western Mari\" lang=\"mrj\" hreflang=\"mrj\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041a\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043a \u043c\u0430\u0440\u044b<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-la\"><a href=\"https:\/\/la.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibium\" title=\"Stibium \u2013 Latin\" lang=\"la\" hreflang=\"la\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Latina<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimons\" title=\"Antimons \u2013 Latvian\" lang=\"lv\" hreflang=\"lv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Latvie\u0161u<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Luxembourgish\" lang=\"lb\" hreflang=\"lb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">L\u00ebtzebuergesch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibis\" title=\"Stibis \u2013 Lithuanian\" lang=\"lt\" hreflang=\"lt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Lietuvi\u0173<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lij\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lij.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Ligurian\" lang=\"lij\" hreflang=\"lij\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Ligure<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-olo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/olo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sur%27ma\" title=\"Sur'ma \u2013 Livvi-Karelian\" lang=\"olo\" hreflang=\"olo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Livvinkarjala<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jbo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/antimoni\" title=\"antimoni \u2013 Lojban\" lang=\"jbo\" hreflang=\"jbo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">La .lojban.<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lmo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Lombard\" lang=\"lmo\" hreflang=\"lmo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Lumbaart<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Hungarian\" lang=\"hu\" hreflang=\"hu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Magyar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Macedonian\" lang=\"mk\" hreflang=\"mk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ml\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF\" title=\"\u0d06\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f \u2013 Malayalam\" lang=\"ml\" hreflang=\"ml\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d02<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u0905\u0901\u091f\u093f\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Marathi\" lang=\"mr\" hreflang=\"mr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0920\u0940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Malay\" lang=\"ms\" hreflang=\"ms\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Bahasa Melayu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cdo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%A0%CC%A4_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)\" title=\"D\u00e0\u0324 (g\u012dng-s\u1e73\u0306k) \u2013 Min Dong Chinese\" lang=\"cdo\" hreflang=\"cdo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">M\u00ecng-d\u0115\u0324ng-ng\u1e73\u0304<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mdf.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u2013 Moksha\" lang=\"mdf\" hreflang=\"mdf\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041c\u043e\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Mongolian\" lang=\"mn\" hreflang=\"mn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-my\"><a href=\"https:\/\/my.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%80%81%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8\" title=\"\u1001\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u2013 Burmese\" lang=\"my\" hreflang=\"my\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoon\" title=\"Antimoon \u2013 Dutch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Nederlands<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ne\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ne.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Nepali\" lang=\"ne\" hreflang=\"ne\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-new\"><a href=\"https:\/\/new.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Newari\" lang=\"new\" hreflang=\"new\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3\" title=\"\u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30e2\u30f3 \u2013 Japanese\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-frr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoon\" title=\"Antimoon \u2013 Northern Frisian\" lang=\"frr\" hreflang=\"frr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Nordfriisk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Norwegian\" lang=\"no\" hreflang=\"no\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Norsk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Norwegian Nynorsk\" lang=\"nn\" hreflang=\"nn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Norsk nynorsk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-oc\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antim%C3%B2ni\" title=\"Antim\u00f2ni \u2013 Occitan\" lang=\"oc\" hreflang=\"oc\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Occitan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-or\"><a href=\"https:\/\/or.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF\" title=\"\u0b06\u0b23\u0b4d\u0b1f\u0b3f\u0b2e\u0b4b\u0b28\u0b3f \u2013 Odia\" lang=\"or\" hreflang=\"or\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0b13\u0b21\u0b3c\u0b3f\u0b06<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uz\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surma\" title=\"Surma \u2013 Uzbek\" lang=\"uz\" hreflang=\"uz\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">O\u02bbzbekcha\/\u045e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0447\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80\" title=\"\u0a10\u0a02\u0a1f\u0a40\u0a2e\u0a28\u0a40 \u2013 Punjabi\" lang=\"pa\" hreflang=\"pa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Pali\" lang=\"pi\" hreflang=\"pi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pnb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C\" title=\"\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u2013 Western Punjabi\" lang=\"pnb\" hreflang=\"pnb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Piedmontese\" lang=\"pms\" hreflang=\"pms\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Piemont\u00e8is<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nds\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nds.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Low German\" lang=\"nds\" hreflang=\"nds\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Plattd\u00fc\u00fctsch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antymon\" title=\"Antymon \u2013 Polish\" lang=\"pl\" hreflang=\"pl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Polski<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antim%C3%B4nio\" title=\"Antim\u00f4nio \u2013 Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ro\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibiu\" title=\"Stibiu \u2013 Romanian\" lang=\"ro\" hreflang=\"ro\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-qu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/qu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimunyu\" title=\"Antimunyu \u2013 Quechua\" lang=\"qu\" hreflang=\"qu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Runa Simi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Russian\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Sanskrit\" lang=\"sa\" hreflang=\"sa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u092e\u094d<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sco\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sco.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Scots\" lang=\"sco\" hreflang=\"sco\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Scots<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-stq\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Saterland Frisian\" lang=\"stq\" hreflang=\"stq\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Seeltersk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sq\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Albanian\" lang=\"sq\" hreflang=\"sq\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Shqip<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-scn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoniu\" title=\"Antimoniu \u2013 Sicilian\" lang=\"scn\" hreflang=\"scn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Sicilianu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-simple\"><a href=\"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Simple English\" lang=\"en-simple\" hreflang=\"en-simple\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Simple English<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antim%C3%B3n\" title=\"Antim\u00f3n \u2013 Slovak\" lang=\"sk\" hreflang=\"sk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Sloven\u010dina<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Slovenian\" lang=\"sl\" hreflang=\"sl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Sloven\u0161\u010dina<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-so\"><a href=\"https:\/\/so.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Somali\" lang=\"so\" hreflang=\"so\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Soomaaliga<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ckb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86\" title=\"\u0626\u06d5\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u2013 Central Kurdish\" lang=\"ckb\" hreflang=\"ckb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Serbian\" lang=\"sr\" hreflang=\"sr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ srpski<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Serbo-Croatian\" lang=\"sh\" hreflang=\"sh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Srpskohrvatski \/ \u0441\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Finnish\" lang=\"fi\" hreflang=\"fi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Suomi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Swedish\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Svenska<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonyo\" title=\"Antimonyo \u2013 Tagalog\" lang=\"tl\" hreflang=\"tl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Tagalog<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ta.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF\" title=\"\u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf \u2013 Tamil\" lang=\"ta\" hreflang=\"ta\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99\" title=\"\u0421\u04e9\u0440\u043c\u04d9 \u2013 Tatar\" lang=\"tt\" hreflang=\"tt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0430\/tatar\u00e7a<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-te\"><a href=\"https:\/\/te.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF\" title=\"\u0c06\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c2e\u0c4a\u0c28\u0c3f \u2013 Telugu\" lang=\"te\" hreflang=\"te\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0c24\u0c46\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87\" title=\"\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07 \u2013 Thai\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Tajik\" lang=\"tg\" hreflang=\"tg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0422\u043e\u04b7\u0438\u043a\u04e3<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Turkish\" lang=\"tr\" hreflang=\"tr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9\" title=\"\u0421\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0439 \u2013 Ukrainian\" lang=\"uk\" hreflang=\"uk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ur\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ur.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%DA%A9%D8%AD%D9%84\" title=\"\u06a9\u062d\u0644 \u2013 Urdu\" lang=\"ur\" hreflang=\"ur\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link 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class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u6587\u8a00<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-war\"><a href=\"https:\/\/war.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonyo\" title=\"Antimonyo \u2013 Waray\" lang=\"war\" hreflang=\"war\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Winaray<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wuu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%94%91\" title=\"\u9511 \u2013 Wu Chinese\" lang=\"wuu\" hreflang=\"wuu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u5434\u8bed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%96\" title=\"\u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05d6\u05d2\u05dc\u05d0\u05d6 \u2013 Yiddish\" lang=\"yi\" hreflang=\"yi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u05d9\u05d9\u05b4\u05d3\u05d9\u05e9<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Yoruba\" lang=\"yo\" hreflang=\"yo\" 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{"id":749,"date":"2019-08-12T20:40:58","date_gmt":"2019-08-12T12:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.242.20.44\/?p=188"},"modified":"2019-08-12T20:40:58","modified_gmt":"2019-08-12T12:40:58","slug":"stibium-antimony-%e9%94%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.zengqq.com.cn\/?p=749","title":{"rendered":"Stibium\/Antimony\/\u9511"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\nAntimony – Wikipedia<\/title>\n<script>document.documentElement.className=document.documentElement.className.replace(\/(^|\\s)client-nojs(\\s|$)\/,\"$1client-js$2\");RLCONF={\"wgCanonicalNamespace\":\"\",\"wgCanonicalSpecialPageName\":!1,\"wgNamespaceNumber\":0,\"wgPageName\":\"Antimony\",\"wgTitle\":\"Antimony\",\"wgCurRevisionId\":910247224,\"wgRevisionId\":910247224,\"wgArticleId\":898,\"wgIsArticle\":!0,\"wgIsRedirect\":!1,\"wgAction\":\"view\",\"wgUserName\":null,\"wgUserGroups\":[\"*\"],\"wgCategories\":[\"CS1 German-language sources (de)\",\"CS1 French-language sources (fr)\",\"Webarchive 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rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\"\/>\n<link rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"\/\/login.wikimedia.org\"\/>\n<link rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"\/\/meta.wikimedia.org\" \/>\n\n<\/head>\n<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Antimony rootpage-Antimony skin-vector action-view\">\n<div id=\"mw-page-base\" class=\"noprint\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"mw-head-base\" class=\"noprint\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t<a id=\"top\"><\/a>\n\t<div id=\"siteNotice\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"mw-indicators mw-body-content\">\n<div id=\"mw-indicator-good-star\" class=\"mw-indicator\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Good_articles\" title=\"This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/94\/Symbol_support_vote.svg\/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"19\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/94\/Symbol_support_vote.svg\/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/94\/Symbol_support_vote.svg\/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"180\" data-file-height=\"185\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\">Antimony\u6216\u8005Stibium(Sb)\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u201c\u9511\u201d<\/h1>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"jump-to-nav\"><\/div>\n\t\t<a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"#mw-head\">Jump to navigation<\/a>\n\t\t<a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"#p-search\">Jump to search<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">This article is about the element. For other uses, see <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_(disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"Antimony (disambiguation)\">Antimony (disambiguation)<\/a>.<\/div>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">chemical element with atomic number 51<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Chemical element with atomic number 51<\/div><table class=\"infobox\" style=\"width:22em\"><caption>Antimony, 51<\/span><\/sub>Sb<\/span><\/caption><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-4.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Antimony-4.jpg\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Antimony-4.jpg\/220px-Antimony-4.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Antimony-4.jpg\/330px-Antimony-4.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Antimony-4.jpg\/440px-Antimony-4.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"540\" data-file-height=\"540\" \/><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Antimony<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Pronunciation<\/th><td><div class=\"plainlist\" style=\"margin: 0; text-align: left;\"><ul><li style=\"margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/British_English\" title=\"British English\">UK<\/a>: <\/small><a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/English\" title=\"Help:IPA\/English\">\/\u02c8<\/span>\u00e6<\/span>n<\/span>t<\/span>\u026a<\/span>m<\/span>\u0259<\/span>n<\/span>i<\/span><\/span>\/<\/a><\/span><\/span> (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key\" title=\"Help:Pronunciation respelling key\">AN<\/span>-tih-m\u0259-nee<\/i><\/a>)<\/li><li style=\"margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/American_English\" title=\"American English\">US<\/a>: <\/small><a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/English\" title=\"Help:IPA\/English\">\/\u02c8<\/span>\u00e6<\/span>n<\/span>t<\/span>\u026a<\/span>m<\/span>o\u028a<\/span>n<\/span>i<\/span><\/span>\/<\/a><\/span><\/span> (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key\" title=\"Help:Pronunciation respelling key\">AN<\/span>-tih-moh-nee<\/i><\/a>)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Appearance<\/th><td>silvery lustrous gray<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Standard_atomic_weight\" title=\"Standard atomic weight\">Standard atomic weight<\/a><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886047488\">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}<\/style> A<\/i>r, std<\/sub>(Sb)<\/span><\/th><td><\/span>121.760(1)<\/span><a href=\"#cite_note-CIAAW2013-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Antimony in the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Periodic_table\" title=\"Periodic table\">periodic table<\/a><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<td>\n<table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<td style=\"border:none; width:5px\"><div style=\"background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;\">\n<table style=\"empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrogen\" title=\"Hydrogen\">Hydrogen<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"30\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Helium\" title=\"Helium\">Helium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lithium\" title=\"Lithium\">Lithium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Beryllium\" title=\"Beryllium\">Beryllium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"24\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Boron\" title=\"Boron\">Boron<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Carbon\" title=\"Carbon\">Carbon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nitrogen\" title=\"Nitrogen\">Nitrogen<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxygen\" title=\"Oxygen\">Oxygen<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Fluorine\" title=\"Fluorine\">Fluorine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neon\" title=\"Neon\">Neon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Sodium\" title=\"Sodium\">Sodium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Magnesium\" title=\"Magnesium\">Magnesium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"24\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Aluminium\" title=\"Aluminium\">Aluminium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Silicon\" title=\"Silicon\">Silicon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Phosphorus\" title=\"Phosphorus\">Phosphorus<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Sulfur\" title=\"Sulfur\">Sulfur<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chlorine\" title=\"Chlorine\">Chlorine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Argon\" title=\"Argon\">Argon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Potassium\" title=\"Potassium\">Potassium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Calcium\" title=\"Calcium\">Calcium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Scandium\" title=\"Scandium\">Scandium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"14\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Titanium\" title=\"Titanium\">Titanium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Vanadium\" title=\"Vanadium\">Vanadium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chromium\" title=\"Chromium\">Chromium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Manganese\" title=\"Manganese\">Manganese<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iron\" title=\"Iron\">Iron<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cobalt\" title=\"Cobalt\">Cobalt<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nickel\" title=\"Nickel\">Nickel<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Copper\" title=\"Copper\">Copper<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Zinc\" title=\"Zinc\">Zinc<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gallium\" title=\"Gallium\">Gallium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Germanium\" title=\"Germanium\">Germanium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">Arsenic<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Selenium\" title=\"Selenium\">Selenium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bromine\" title=\"Bromine\">Bromine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Krypton\" title=\"Krypton\">Krypton<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rubidium\" title=\"Rubidium\">Rubidium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Strontium\" title=\"Strontium\">Strontium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Yttrium\" title=\"Yttrium\">Yttrium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;; width:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"13\" style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Zirconium\" title=\"Zirconium\">Zirconium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Niobium\" title=\"Niobium\">Niobium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Molybdenum\" title=\"Molybdenum\">Molybdenum<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Technetium\" title=\"Technetium\">Technetium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ruthenium\" title=\"Ruthenium\">Ruthenium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rhodium\" title=\"Rhodium\">Rhodium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Palladium\" title=\"Palladium\">Palladium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Silver\" title=\"Silver\">Silver<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cadmium\" title=\"Cadmium\">Cadmium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Indium\" title=\"Indium\">Indium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">Tin<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Antimony<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium\" title=\"Tellurium\">Tellurium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iodine\" title=\"Iodine\">Iodine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Xenon\" title=\"Xenon\">Xenon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border:none;padding:0;\">\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Caesium\" title=\"Caesium\">Caesium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Barium\" title=\"Barium\">Barium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lanthanum\" title=\"Lanthanum\">Lanthanum<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cerium\" title=\"Cerium\">Cerium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Praseodymium\" title=\"Praseodymium\">Praseodymium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neodymium\" title=\"Neodymium\">Neodymium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Promethium\" title=\"Promethium\">Promethium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Samarium\" title=\"Samarium\">Samarium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Europium\" title=\"Europium\">Europium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gadolinium\" title=\"Gadolinium\">Gadolinium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Terbium\" title=\"Terbium\">Terbium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Dysprosium\" title=\"Dysprosium\">Dysprosium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Holmium\" title=\"Holmium\">Holmium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Erbium\" title=\"Erbium\">Erbium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thulium\" title=\"Thulium\">Thulium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ytterbium\" title=\"Ytterbium\">Ytterbium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lutetium\" title=\"Lutetium\">Lutetium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hafnium\" title=\"Hafnium\">Hafnium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tantalum\" title=\"Tantalum\">Tantalum<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tungsten\" title=\"Tungsten\">Tungsten<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rhenium\" title=\"Rhenium\">Rhenium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Osmium\" title=\"Osmium\">Osmium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iridium\" title=\"Iridium\">Iridium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Platinum\" title=\"Platinum\">Platinum<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gold\" title=\"Gold\">Gold<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mercury_(element)\" title=\"Mercury (element)\">Mercury (element)<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thallium\" title=\"Thallium\">Thallium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">Lead<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bismuth\" title=\"Bismuth\">Bismuth<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">Polonium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Astatine\" title=\"Astatine\">Astatine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radon\" title=\"Radon\">Radon<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Francium\" title=\"Francium\">Francium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">Radium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Actinium\" title=\"Actinium\">Actinium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thorium\" title=\"Thorium\">Thorium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Protactinium\" title=\"Protactinium\">Protactinium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Uranium\" title=\"Uranium\">Uranium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neptunium\" title=\"Neptunium\">Neptunium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Plutonium\" title=\"Plutonium\">Plutonium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Americium\" title=\"Americium\">Americium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Curium\" title=\"Curium\">Curium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Berkelium\" title=\"Berkelium\">Berkelium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Californium\" title=\"Californium\">Californium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Einsteinium\" title=\"Einsteinium\">Einsteinium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Fermium\" title=\"Fermium\">Fermium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mendelevium\" title=\"Mendelevium\">Mendelevium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nobelium\" title=\"Nobelium\">Nobelium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lawrencium\" title=\"Lawrencium\">Lawrencium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rutherfordium\" title=\"Rutherfordium\">Rutherfordium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Dubnium\" title=\"Dubnium\">Dubnium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Seaborgium\" title=\"Seaborgium\">Seaborgium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bohrium\" title=\"Bohrium\">Bohrium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hassium\" title=\"Hassium\">Hassium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Meitnerium\" title=\"Meitnerium\">Meitnerium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Darmstadtium\" title=\"Darmstadtium\">Darmstadtium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Roentgenium\" title=\"Roentgenium\">Roentgenium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Copernicium\" title=\"Copernicium\">Copernicium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nihonium\" title=\"Nihonium\">Nihonium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Flerovium\" title=\"Flerovium\">Flerovium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Moscovium\" title=\"Moscovium\">Moscovium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Livermorium\" title=\"Livermorium\">Livermorium<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tennessine\" title=\"Tennessine\">Tennessine<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;padding:0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oganesson\" title=\"Oganesson\">Oganesson<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">As<\/a> \u2191 Sb<\/strong> \u2193 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bismuth\" title=\"Bismuth\">Bi<\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" class=\"nowrap\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">tin<\/a> \u2190 antimony<\/strong> \u2192 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium\" title=\"Tellurium\">tellurium<\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Atomic_number\" title=\"Atomic number\">Atomic number<\/a> (Z<\/i>)<\/span><\/span><\/th><td>51<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_(periodic_table)\" title=\"Group (periodic table)\">Group<\/a><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Pnictogen\" title=\"Pnictogen\">group 15 (pnictogens)<\/a><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_(periodic_table)\" title=\"Period (periodic table)\">Period<\/a><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_5\" title=\"Period (periodic table)\">period 5<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Block_(periodic_table)\" title=\"Block (periodic table)\">Block<\/a><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/P-block\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"P-block\">p-block<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Names_for_sets_of_chemical_elements#Category\" title=\"Names for sets of chemical elements\">Element category<\/a><\/th><td> <\/span> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Metalloid\" title=\"Metalloid\">Metalloid<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Electron_configuration\" title=\"Electron configuration\">Electron configuration<\/a><\/th><td>[<a href=\"\/wiki\/Krypton\" title=\"Krypton\">Kr<\/a>] 4d10<\/sup> 5s2<\/sup> 5p3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><div style=\"font-weight:normal;\">Electrons per shell<\/div><\/th><td>2, 8, 18, 18, 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Physical properties<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Phase_(matter)\" title=\"Phase (matter)\">Phase<\/a> <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"\/>at <a href=\"\/wiki\/Standard_conditions_for_temperature_and_pressure\" title=\"Standard conditions for temperature and pressure\">STP<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Solid\" title=\"Solid\">solid<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Melting_point\" title=\"Melting point\">Melting point<\/a><\/th><td>903.78 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Kelvin\" title=\"Kelvin\">K<\/a> (630.63 \u00b0C, 1167.13 \u00b0F) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Boiling_point\" title=\"Boiling point\">Boiling point<\/a><\/th><td>1908 K (1635 \u00b0C, 2975 \u00b0F) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Density\" title=\"Density\">Density<\/a> (near <abbr title=\"room temperature\">r.t.<\/abbr>)<\/span><\/th><td>6.697 g\/cm3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">when liquid (at <abbr title=\"melting point\">m.p.<\/abbr>)<\/span><\/th><td>6.53 g\/cm3<\/sup> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Enthalpy_of_fusion\" title=\"Enthalpy of fusion\">Heat of fusion<\/a><\/th><td>19.79 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Kilojoule_per_mole\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kilojoule per mole\">kJ\/mol<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Enthalpy_of_vaporization\" title=\"Enthalpy of vaporization\">Heat of vaporization<\/a><\/th><td>193.43 kJ\/mol <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Molar_heat_capacity\" title=\"Molar heat capacity\">Molar heat capacity<\/a><\/th><td>25.23 J\/(mol\u00b7K) <\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Vapor_pressure\" title=\"Vapor pressure\">Vapor pressure<\/b><\/a><div style=\"margin:0 auto;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<th><abbr title=\"Pressure (in Pascal)\">P<\/i><\/abbr> (Pa)<\/span>\n<\/th>\n<th>1\n<\/th>\n<th>10\n<\/th>\n<th>100\n<\/th>\n<th>1 k\n<\/th>\n<th>10 k\n<\/th>\n<th>100 k\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>at <abbr title=\"Temperature (in kelvins)\">T<\/i><\/abbr> (K)<\/span>\n<\/th>\n<td>807\n<\/td>\n<td>876\n<\/td>\n<td>1011\n<\/td>\n<td>1219\n<\/td>\n<td>1491\n<\/td>\n<td>1858\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Atomic properties<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxidation_state\" title=\"Oxidation state\">Oxidation states<\/a><\/th><td>\u22123<\/b><\/span>, \u22122, \u22121, +1, +2, +3<\/b><\/span>, +4, +5<\/b><\/span> (an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Amphoterism\" title=\"Amphoterism\">amphoteric<\/a> oxide)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Electronegativity\" title=\"Electronegativity\">Electronegativity<\/a><\/th><td>Pauling scale: 2.05 <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ionization_energy\" title=\"Ionization energy\">Ionization energies<\/a><\/th><td><div class=\"plainlist\"><ul><li>1st: 834 kJ\/mol <\/li><li>2nd: 1594.9 kJ\/mol <\/li><li>3rd: 2440 kJ\/mol <\/li><li>(<a href=\"\/wiki\/Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements#antimony\" title=\"Molar ionization energies of the elements\">more<\/a>) <\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Atomic_radius\" title=\"Atomic radius\">Atomic radius<\/a><\/th><td>empirical: 140 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Picometre\" title=\"Picometre\">pm<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Covalent_radius\" title=\"Covalent radius\">Covalent radius<\/a><\/th><td>139\u00b15 pm <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Van_der_Waals_radius\" title=\"Van der Waals radius\">Van der Waals radius<\/a><\/th><td>206 pm <\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\"><div class=\"center\"><div class=\"floatnone\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\" class=\"image\" title=\"Color lines in a spectral range\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Color lines in a spectral range\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\/240px-Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"41\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\/360px-Antimony_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Antimony_spectrum_visible.png\/480px-Antimony_spectrum_visible.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"7430\" data-file-height=\"1280\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><a href=\"\/wiki\/Spectral_line\" title=\"Spectral line\">Spectral lines<\/a> of antimony<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Other properties<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Natural occurrence<\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Primordial_nuclide\" title=\"Primordial nuclide\">primordial<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Crystal_structure\" title=\"Crystal structure\">Crystal structure<\/a><\/th><td> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Trigonal_crystal_system\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Trigonal crystal system\">rhombohedral<\/a><div style=\"float:right;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Rhombohedral.svg\" class=\"image\" title=\"Rhombohedral crystal structure for antimony\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rhombohedral crystal structure for antimony\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Rhombohedral.svg\/50px-Rhombohedral.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"51\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Rhombohedral.svg\/75px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Rhombohedral.svg\/100px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"139\" data-file-height=\"141\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Speed_of_sound\" title=\"Speed of sound\">Speed of sound<\/a> thin rod<\/span><\/th><td>3420 m\/s (at 20 \u00b0C) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Coefficient of thermal expansion\">Thermal expansion<\/a><\/th><td>11 \u00b5m\/(m\u00b7K) (at 25 \u00b0C) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thermal_conductivity\" title=\"Thermal conductivity\">Thermal conductivity<\/a><\/th><td>24.4 W\/(m\u00b7K) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity\" title=\"Electrical resistivity and conductivity\">Electrical resistivity<\/a><\/th><td>417 n\u03a9\u00b7m (at 20 \u00b0C) <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Magnetism\" title=\"Magnetism\">Magnetic ordering<\/a><\/th><td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Diamagnetic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Diamagnetic\">diamagnetic<\/a><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Magnetic_susceptibility\" title=\"Magnetic susceptibility\">Magnetic susceptibility<\/a><\/th><td>−99.0\u00b710\u22126<\/sup> cm3<\/sup>\/mol<a href=\"#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Young%27s_modulus\" title=\"Young's modulus\">Young’s modulus<\/a><\/th><td>55 GPa <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Shear_modulus\" title=\"Shear modulus\">Shear modulus<\/a><\/th><td>20 GPa <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bulk_modulus\" title=\"Bulk modulus\">Bulk modulus<\/a><\/th><td>42 GPa <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness\" title=\"Mohs scale of mineral hardness\">Mohs hardness<\/a><\/th><td>3.0 <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Brinell_hardness_test\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Brinell hardness test\">Brinell hardness<\/a><\/th><td>294\u2013384 MPa <\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/CAS_Registry_Number\" title=\"CAS Registry Number\">CAS Number<\/a><\/th><td>7440-36-0 <\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">History<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries\" title=\"Timeline of chemical element discoveries\">Discovery<\/a><\/th><td>before 800 CE<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\">Main <a href=\"\/wiki\/Isotopes_of_antimony\" title=\"Isotopes of antimony\">isotopes of antimony<\/a><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" cellpadding=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Isotope\" title=\"Isotope\">Isotope<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Natural_abundance\" title=\"Natural abundance\">Abundance<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Half-life\" title=\"Half-life\">Half-life<\/a> <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"\/>(t<\/i>1\/2<\/sub>)<\/span>\n<\/th>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radioactive_decay\" title=\"Radioactive decay\">Decay mode<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th><a href=\"\/wiki\/Decay_product\" title=\"Decay product\">Product<\/a>\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align:right;\">121<\/sup>Sb\n<\/th>\n<td style=\"text-align:right\">57.21%\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Stable_isotope\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Stable isotope\">stable<\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align:right;\">123<\/sup>Sb\n<\/th>\n<td style=\"text-align:right\">42.79%\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:center;\">stable\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align:right;\">125<\/sup>Sb\n<\/th>\n<td style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Synthetic_radioisotope\" title=\"Synthetic radioisotope\">syn<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\">2.7582 y\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"\/wiki\/Beta_emission\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Beta emission\">\u03b2\u2212<\/sup><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:right;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium-125\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Tellurium-125\">125<\/sup>Te<\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"noprint\" style=\"text-align:center;background:#cccc99\"><div class=\"plainlinks hlist navbar\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template:Infobox_antimony\" title=\"Template:Infobox antimony\">view<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template_talk:Infobox_antimony\" title=\"Template talk:Infobox antimony\">talk<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_antimony&action=edit\">edit<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div> | <a href=\"\/wiki\/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements\" title=\"List of data references for chemical elements\">references<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\nAntimony<\/b> is a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Chemical_element\" title=\"Chemical element\">chemical element<\/a> with the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Symbol_(chemistry)\" title=\"Symbol (chemistry)\">symbol<\/a> Sb<\/b> (from <a href=\"\/wiki\/Latin_language\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Latin language\">Latin<\/a>: stibium<\/i>) and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Atomic_number\" title=\"Atomic number\">atomic number<\/a> 51. A lustrous gray <a href=\"\/wiki\/Metalloid\" title=\"Metalloid\">metalloid<\/a>, it is found in nature mainly as the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sulfide_mineral\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Sulfide mineral\">sulfide mineral<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">stibnite<\/a> (Sb2<\/sub>S3<\/sub>). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Kohl_(cosmetics)\" title=\"Kohl (cosmetics)\">kohl<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> Metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">lead<\/a> upon its discovery. The earliest known description of the metal in the West was written in 1540 by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Vannoccio_Biringuccio\" title=\"Vannoccio Biringuccio\">Vannoccio Biringuccio<\/a>.\n<\/p>For some time, China has been the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Xikuangshan_Mine\" title=\"Xikuangshan Mine\">Xikuangshan Mine<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hunan\" title=\"Hunan\">Hunan<\/a>. The industrial methods for refining antimony are roasting and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Carbothermic_reaction\" title=\"Carbothermic reaction\">reduction with carbon<\/a> or direct reduction of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">stibnite<\/a> with iron.\n<\/p>The largest applications for metallic antimony are an alloy with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">lead<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">tin<\/a> and the lead antimony plates in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery\" title=\"Lead\u2013acid battery\">lead\u2013acid batteries<\/a>. Alloys of lead and tin with antimony have improved properties for <a href=\"\/wiki\/Solder\" title=\"Solder\">solders<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bullet\" title=\"Bullet\">bullets<\/a>, and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Plain_bearing\" title=\"Plain bearing\">plain bearings<\/a>. Antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine and bromine-containing <a href=\"\/wiki\/Fire_retardant\" title=\"Fire retardant\">fire retardants<\/a> found in many commercial and domestic products. An emerging application is the use of antimony in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Microelectronics\" title=\"Microelectronics\">microelectronics<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\" \/><div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><h2>Contents<\/h2><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Characteristics\">1<\/span> Characteristics<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Properties\">1.1<\/span> Properties<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Isotopes\">1.2<\/span> Isotopes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Occurrence\">1.3<\/span> Occurrence<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Compounds\">2<\/span> Compounds<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Oxides_and_hydroxides\">2.1<\/span> Oxides and hydroxides<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Halides\">2.2<\/span> Halides<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Antimonides,_hydrides,_and_organoantimony_compounds\">2.3<\/span> Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#History\">3<\/span> History<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Etymology\">3.1<\/span> Etymology<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Production\">4<\/span> Production<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Top_producers_and_production_volumes\">4.1<\/span> Top producers and production volumes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Reserves\">4.2<\/span> Reserves<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Production_process\">4.3<\/span> Production process<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Supply_risk_and_critical_mineral_rankings\">4.4<\/span> Supply risk and critical mineral rankings<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Europe\">4.4.1<\/span> Europe<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#U.S.\">4.4.2<\/span> U.S.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Applications\">5<\/span> Applications<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#Flame_retardants\">5.1<\/span> Flame retardants<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#Alloys\">5.2<\/span> Alloys<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#Other_applications\">5.3<\/span> Other applications<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#Precautions\">6<\/span> Precautions<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-23\"><a href=\"#Toxicity\">6.1<\/span> Toxicity<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-24\"><a href=\"#See_also\">7<\/span> See also<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-25\"><a href=\"#Notes\">8<\/span> Notes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-26\"><a href=\"#References\">9<\/span> References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-27\"><a href=\"#Bibliography\">10<\/span> Bibliography<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-28\"><a href=\"#External_links\">11<\/span> External links<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Characteristics<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Characteristics\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>Properties<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Properties\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimon.PNG\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A clear vial containing small chunks of a slightly lustrous black solid, labeled "Sb".\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Antimon.PNG\/220px-Antimon.PNG\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"72\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Antimon.PNG\/330px-Antimon.PNG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Antimon.PNG\/440px-Antimon.PNG 2x\" data-file-width=\"601\" data-file-height=\"198\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimon.PNG\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>A vial containing the black <a href=\"\/wiki\/Allotrope\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Allotrope\">allotrope<\/a> of antimony<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_massive.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"An irregular piece of silvery stone with spots of variation in lustre and shade.\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Antimony_massive.jpg\/220px-Antimony_massive.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"206\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Antimony_massive.jpg\/330px-Antimony_massive.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Antimony_massive.jpg\/440px-Antimony_massive.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"494\" data-file-height=\"462\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_massive.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>Native antimony with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Redox\" title=\"Redox\">oxidation<\/a> products<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:SbAs_lattice.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ec\/SbAs_lattice.png\/220px-SbAs_lattice.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ec\/SbAs_lattice.png\/330px-SbAs_lattice.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ec\/SbAs_lattice.png\/440px-SbAs_lattice.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1130\" data-file-height=\"846\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:SbAs_lattice.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>Crystal structure common to Sb, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibarsen\" title=\"Stibarsen\">AsSb<\/a> and gray As<\/div><\/div><\/div>\nAntimony is a member of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_(periodic_table)\" title=\"Group (periodic table)\">group 15<\/a> of the periodic table, one of the elements called <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pnictogen\" title=\"Pnictogen\">pnictogens<\/a>, and has an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Electronegativity\" title=\"Electronegativity\">electronegativity<\/a> of 2.05. In accordance with periodic trends, it is more electronegative than <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">tin<\/a> or <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bismuth\" title=\"Bismuth\">bismuth<\/a>, and less electronegative than <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium\" title=\"Tellurium\">tellurium<\/a> or <a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">arsenic<\/a>. Antimony is stable in air at room temperature, but reacts with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxygen\" title=\"Oxygen\">oxygen<\/a> if heated to produce <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">antimony trioxide<\/a>, Sb2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:758<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>Antimony is a silvery, lustrous gray metalloid with a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Mohs_scale\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mohs scale\">Mohs scale<\/a> hardness of 3, which is too soft to make hard objects; coins of antimony were issued in China’s <a href=\"\/wiki\/Guizhou\" title=\"Guizhou\">Guizhou<\/a> province in 1931 but the durability was poor and the minting was soon discontinued.<a href=\"#cite_note-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony is resistant to attack by acids.\n<\/p>Four <a href=\"\/wiki\/Allotropy\" title=\"Allotropy\">allotropes<\/a> of antimony are known: a stable metallic form and three metastable forms (explosive, black and yellow). Elemental antimony is a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Brittle\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Brittle\">brittle<\/a>, silver-white shiny metalloid. When slowly cooled, molten antimony crystallizes in a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Trigonal\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Trigonal\">trigonal<\/a> cell, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Isomorphic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Isomorphic\">isomorphic<\/a> with the gray allotrope of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">arsenic<\/a>. A rare <a href=\"\/wiki\/Explosive_form_of_antimony\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Explosive form of antimony\">explosive form of antimony<\/a> can be formed from the electrolysis of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trichloride\" title=\"Antimony trichloride\">antimony trichloride<\/a>. When scratched with a sharp implement, an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Exothermic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Exothermic\">exothermic<\/a> reaction occurs and white fumes are given off as metallic antimony forms; when rubbed with a pestle in a mortar, a strong detonation occurs. Black antimony is formed upon rapid cooling of antimony vapor. It has the same crystal structure as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Red_phosphorus\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Red phosphorus\">red phosphorus<\/a> and black arsenic, it oxidizes in air and may ignite spontaneously. At 100 \u00b0C, it gradually transforms into the stable form. The yellow allotrope of antimony is the most unstable. It has only been generated by oxidation of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibine\" title=\"Stibine\">stibine<\/a> (SbH3<\/sub>) at \u221290 \u00b0C. Above this temperature and in ambient light, this <a href=\"\/wiki\/Metastability\" title=\"Metastability\">metastable<\/a> allotrope transforms into the more stable black allotrope.<a href=\"#cite_note-kirk-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-cww-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Elemental antimony adopts a layered structure (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Space_group\" title=\"Space group\">space group<\/a> R3<\/span>m No. 166) in which layers consist of fused, ruffled, six-membered rings. The nearest and next-nearest neighbors form an irregular octahedral complex, with the three atoms in each double layer slightly closer than the three atoms in the next. This relatively close packing leads to a high density of 6.697 g\/cm3<\/sup>, but the weak bonding between the layers leads to the low hardness and brittleness of antimony.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:758<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Isotopes<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Isotopes\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">Main article: <a href=\"\/wiki\/Isotopes_of_antimony\" title=\"Isotopes of antimony\">Isotopes of antimony<\/a><\/div>\nAntimony has two stable <a href=\"\/wiki\/Isotope\" title=\"Isotope\">isotopes<\/a>: 121<\/sup>Sb with a natural abundance of 57.36% and 123<\/sup>Sb with a natural abundance of 42.64%. It also has 35 radioisotopes, of which the longest-lived is 125<\/sup>Sb with a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Half-life\" title=\"Half-life\">half-life<\/a> of 2.75 years. In addition, 29 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Nuclear_isomer\" title=\"Nuclear isomer\">metastable<\/a> states have been characterized. The most stable of these is 120m1<\/sup>Sb with a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Half-life\" title=\"Half-life\">half-life<\/a> of 5.76 days. Isotopes that are lighter than the stable 123<\/sup>Sb tend to decay by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Beta_decay\" title=\"Beta decay\">\u03b2+<\/sup> decay<\/a>, and those that are heavier tend to decay by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Beta_decay\" title=\"Beta decay\">\u03b2\u2212<\/sup> decay<\/a>, with some exceptions.<a href=\"#cite_note-NUBASE-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Occurrence<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Occurrence\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Antimonide_minerals\" title=\"Category:Antimonide minerals\">Category:Antimonide minerals<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Antimonate_minerals\" title=\"Category:Antimonate minerals\">Category:Antimonate minerals<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:222px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Stibnite.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Stibnite.jpg\/220px-Stibnite.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"157\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Stibnite.jpg\/330px-Stibnite.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Stibnite.jpg\/440px-Stibnite.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"2268\" data-file-height=\"1614\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Stibnite.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div><a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">Stibnite<\/a>,China CM29287 Carnegie Museum of Natural History specimen on display in Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems<\/div><\/div><\/div>\nThe abundance of antimony in the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Earth\" title=\"Earth\">Earth<\/a>‘s crust is estimated to be 0.2 to 0.5 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Part_per_million\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Part per million\">parts per million<\/a>, comparable to <a href=\"\/wiki\/Thallium\" title=\"Thallium\">thallium<\/a> at 0.5 parts per million and silver at 0.07 ppm.<a href=\"#cite_note-usgs-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> Even though this element is not abundant, it is found in more than 100 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Mineral\" title=\"Mineral\">mineral<\/a> species. Antimony is sometimes found natively (e.g. on <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_Peak\" title=\"Antimony Peak\">Antimony Peak<\/a>), but more frequently it is found in the sulfide <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">stibnite<\/a> (Sb2<\/sub>S3<\/sub>) which is the predominant ore <a href=\"\/wiki\/Mineral\" title=\"Mineral\">mineral<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-usgs-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Compounds<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Compounds\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">See also: <a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Antimony_compounds\" title=\"Category:Antimony compounds\">Category:Antimony compounds<\/a><\/div>\nAntimony compounds are often classified according to their oxidation state: Sb(III) and Sb(V).<a href=\"#cite_note-Greenwood-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> The +5 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxidation_state\" title=\"Oxidation state\">oxidation state<\/a> is more stable.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Oxides and hydroxides<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=6\" title=\"Edit section: Oxides and hydroxides\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">Antimony trioxide<\/a> is formed when antimony is burnt in air.<a href=\"#cite_note-reger2009-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup> In the gas phase, the molecule of the compound is Sb<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span><\/span>, but it polymerizes upon condensing.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentoxide\" title=\"Antimony pentoxide\">Antimony pentoxide<\/a> (Sb<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 10<\/sub><\/span><\/span>) can be formed only by oxidation with concentrated <a href=\"\/wiki\/Nitric_acid\" title=\"Nitric acid\">nitric acid<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-house-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony also forms a mixed-valence oxide, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_tetroxide\" title=\"Antimony tetroxide\">antimony tetroxide<\/a> (Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span><\/span>), which features both Sb(III) and Sb(V).<a href=\"#cite_note-house-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> Unlike oxides of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Phosphorus\" title=\"Phosphorus\">phosphorus<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">arsenic<\/a>, these oxides are <a href=\"\/wiki\/Amphoteric\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Amphoteric\">amphoteric<\/a>, do not form well-defined <a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxoacid\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Oxoacid\">oxoacids<\/a>, and react with acids to form antimony salts.\n<\/p>Antimonous acid Sb(OH)<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> is unknown, but the conjugate base sodium antimonite ([Na<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span>SbO<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span>]<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span><\/span>) forms upon fusing <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sodium_oxide\" title=\"Sodium oxide\">sodium oxide<\/a> and Sb<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span><\/span>.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:763<\/span><\/sup> Transition metal antimonites are also known.<a href=\"#cite_note-norman-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>:122<\/span><\/sup> Antimonic acid exists only as the hydrate HSb(OH)<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span><\/span>, forming salts as the antimonate anion Sb(OH)\u2212<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span><\/span>. When a solution containing this anion is dehydrated, the precipitate contains mixed oxides.<a href=\"#cite_note-norman-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>:143<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>Many antimony ores are sulfides, including <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">stibnite<\/a> (Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span>), <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pyrargyrite\" title=\"Pyrargyrite\">pyrargyrite<\/a> (Ag<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span>SbS<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span>), <a href=\"\/wiki\/Zinkenite\" title=\"Zinkenite\">zinkenite<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Jamesonite\" title=\"Jamesonite\">jamesonite<\/a>, and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Boulangerite\" title=\"Boulangerite\">boulangerite<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:757<\/span><\/sup> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentasulfide\" title=\"Antimony pentasulfide\">Antimony pentasulfide<\/a> is <a href=\"\/wiki\/Non-stoichiometric_compound\" title=\"Non-stoichiometric compound\">non-stoichiometric<\/a> and features antimony in the +3 <a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxidation_state\" title=\"Oxidation state\">oxidation state<\/a> and S-S bonds.<a href=\"#cite_note-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup> Several thioantimonides are known, such as [Sb<\/sup> 6<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 10<\/sub><\/span>]2\u2212<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span> and [Sb<\/sup> 8<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 13<\/sub><\/span>]2\u2212<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span>.<a href=\"#cite_note-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Halides<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=7\" title=\"Edit section: Halides\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAntimony forms two series of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Halide\" title=\"Halide\">halides<\/a>: SbX<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> and SbX<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span>. The trihalides <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trifluoride\" title=\"Antimony trifluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trichloride\" title=\"Antimony trichloride\">SbCl<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_tribromide\" title=\"Antimony tribromide\">SbBr<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a>, and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_triiodide\" title=\"Antimony triiodide\">SbI<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> are all molecular compounds having <a href=\"\/wiki\/Trigonal_pyramidal_molecular_geometry\" title=\"Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry\">trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry<\/a>.\n<\/p>The trifluoride <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trifluoride\" title=\"Antimony trifluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is prepared by the reaction of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrofluoric_acid\" title=\"Hydrofluoric acid\">HF<\/a>:<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:761\u2013762<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 6 HF \u2192 2 SbF<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 H<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/span><\/dd><\/dl>\nIt is <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lewis_acid\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Lewis acid\">Lewis acidic<\/a> and readily accepts fluoride ions to form the complex anions SbF\u2212<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span><\/span> and SbF2\u2212<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span>. Molten <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trifluoride\" title=\"Antimony trifluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is a weak <a href=\"\/wiki\/Electrical_conductor\" title=\"Electrical conductor\">electrical conductor<\/a>. The trichloride <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trichloride\" title=\"Antimony trichloride\">SbCl<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is prepared by dissolving <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibnite\" title=\"Stibnite\">Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrochloric_acid\" title=\"Hydrochloric acid\">hydrochloric acid<\/a>:\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 6 HCl \u2192 2 SbCl<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 H<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/span><\/dd><\/dl>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:172px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a2\/Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\/170px-Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"170\" height=\"199\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a2\/Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\/255px-Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a2\/Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\/340px-Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"941\" data-file-height=\"1100\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>Structure of gaseous SbF5<\/sub><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nThe pentahalides <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentafluoride\" title=\"Antimony pentafluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentachloride\" title=\"Antimony pentachloride\">SbCl<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> have <a href=\"\/wiki\/Trigonal_bipyramidal_molecular_geometry\" title=\"Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry\">trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry<\/a> in the gas phase, but in the liquid phase, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentafluoride\" title=\"Antimony pentafluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is <a href=\"\/wiki\/Polymer\" title=\"Polymer\">polymeric<\/a>, whereas <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentachloride\" title=\"Antimony pentachloride\">SbCl<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is monomeric.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:761<\/span><\/sup> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentafluoride\" title=\"Antimony pentafluoride\">SbF<\/sup> 5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/a> is a powerful Lewis acid used to make the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Superacid\" title=\"Superacid\">superacid<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Fluoroantimonic_acid\" title=\"Fluoroantimonic acid\">fluoroantimonic acid<\/a> (“H2<\/sub>SbF7<\/sub>“).\n<\/p><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxohalide\" title=\"Oxohalide\">Oxyhalides<\/a> are more common for antimony than for arsenic and phosphorus. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">Antimony trioxide<\/a> dissolves in concentrated acid to form oxoantimonyl compounds such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_oxychloride\" title=\"Antimony oxychloride\">SbOCl<\/a> and (SbO)<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>SO<\/sup> 4<\/sub><\/span><\/span>.<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:764<\/span><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><\/span>Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nCompounds in this class generally are described as derivatives of Sb3\u2212<\/sup>. Antimony forms <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimonide\" title=\"Antimonide\">antimonides<\/a> with metals, such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Indium_antimonide\" title=\"Indium antimonide\">indium antimonide<\/a> (InSb) and silver antimonide (Ag<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span>Sb<\/span>).<a href=\"#cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:760<\/span><\/sup> The alkali metal and zinc antimonides, such as Na3<\/sub>Sb and Zn3<\/sub>Sb2<\/sub>, are more reactive. Treating these antimonides with acid produces the highly unstable gas <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibine\" title=\"Stibine\">stibine<\/a>, SbH<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span>:<a href=\"#cite_note-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>Sb3\u2212<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 H+<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span> \u2192 SbH<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/dd><\/dl>\nStibine can also be produced by treating Sb3+<\/sup> <\/sub><\/span><\/span> salts with hydride reagents such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sodium_borohydride\" title=\"Sodium borohydride\">sodium borohydride<\/a>.[<a href=\"\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup> Stibine decomposes spontaneously at room temperature. Because stibine has a positive <a href=\"\/wiki\/Heat_of_formation\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Heat of formation\">heat of formation<\/a>, it is <a href=\"\/wiki\/Thermodynamic_stability\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Thermodynamic stability\">thermodynamically unstable<\/a> and thus antimony does not react with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrogen\" title=\"Hydrogen\">hydrogen<\/a> directly.<a href=\"#cite_note-Greenwood-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><a href=\"\/wiki\/Organoantimony_chemistry\" title=\"Organoantimony chemistry\">Organoantimony compounds<\/a> are typically prepared by alkylation of antimony halides with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Grignard_reagent\" title=\"Grignard reagent\">Grignard reagents<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup> A large variety of compounds are known with both Sb(III) and Sb(V) centers, including mixed chloro-organic derivatives, anions, and cations. Examples include Sb(C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>)3<\/sub> (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Triphenylstibine\" title=\"Triphenylstibine\">triphenylstibine<\/a>), Sb2<\/sub>(C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>)4<\/sub> (with an Sb-Sb bond), and cyclic [Sb(C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>)]n<\/sub>. Pentacoordinated organoantimony compounds are common, examples being Sb(C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>)5<\/sub> and several related halides.\n<\/p>\n<h2>History<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=9\" title=\"Edit section: History\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:72px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-symbol.svg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"An unshaded circle surmounted by a cross.\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Antimony-symbol.svg\/70px-Antimony-symbol.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"70\" height=\"111\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Antimony-symbol.svg\/105px-Antimony-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Antimony-symbol.svg\/140px-Antimony-symbol.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"85\" data-file-height=\"135\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony-symbol.svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>One of the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alchemical_symbol\" title=\"Alchemical symbol\">alchemical symbols<\/a> for antimony<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony(III)_sulfide\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antimony(III) sulfide\">Antimony(III) sulfide<\/a>, Sb2<\/sub>S3<\/sub>, was recognized in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Predynastic_Egypt\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Predynastic Egypt\">predynastic Egypt<\/a> as an eye cosmetic (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Kohl_(cosmetics)\" title=\"Kohl (cosmetics)\">kohl<\/a>) as early as about <a href=\"\/wiki\/4th_millennium_BC\" title=\"4th millennium BC\">3100 BC<\/a>, when the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Cosmetic_palette\" title=\"Cosmetic palette\">cosmetic palette<\/a> was invented.<a href=\"#cite_note-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>An artifact, said to be part of a vase, made of antimony dating to about 3000 BC was found at <a href=\"\/wiki\/Girsu\" title=\"Girsu\">Telloh<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Chaldea\" title=\"Chaldea\">Chaldea<\/a> (part of present-day <a href=\"\/wiki\/Iraq\" title=\"Iraq\">Iraq<\/a>), and a copper object plated with antimony dating between 2500 BC and 2200 BC has been found in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Egypt\" title=\"Egypt\">Egypt<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-kirk-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> Austen, at a lecture by Herbert Gladstone in 1892<a href=\"#cite_note-moorey-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> commented that “we only know of antimony at the present day as a highly brittle and crystalline metal, which could hardly be fashioned into a useful vase, and therefore this remarkable ‘find’ (artifact mentioned above) must represent the lost art of rendering antimony malleable.”<a href=\"#cite_note-moorey-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Moorey was unconvinced the artifact was indeed a vase, mentioning that Selimkhanov, after his analysis of the Tello object (published in 1975), “attempted to relate the metal to Transcaucasian natural antimony” (i.e. native metal) and that “the antimony objects from Transcaucasia are all small personal ornaments.”<a href=\"#cite_note-moorey-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> This weakens the evidence for a lost art “of rendering antimony malleable.”<a href=\"#cite_note-moorey-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The Roman scholar <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pliny_the_Elder\" title=\"Pliny the Elder\">Pliny the Elder<\/a> described several ways of preparing antimony sulfide for medical purposes in his treatise <a href=\"\/wiki\/Natural_History_(Pliny)\" title=\"Natural History (Pliny)\">Natural History<\/i><\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-mellor-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup> Pliny the Elder also made a distinction between “male” and “female” forms of antimony; the male form is probably the sulfide, while the female form, which is superior, heavier, and less friable, has been suspected to be native metallic antimony.<a href=\"#cite_note-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The Greek naturalist <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pedanius_Dioscorides\" title=\"Pedanius Dioscorides\">Pedanius Dioscorides<\/a> mentioned that antimony sulfide could be roasted by heating by a current of air. It is thought that this produced metallic antimony.<a href=\"#cite_note-mellor-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:202px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Specola,_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\/200px-Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"178\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\/300px-Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/37\/Specola%2C_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG 2x\" data-file-width=\"337\" data-file-height=\"300\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Specola,_medaglione_di_vannoccio_biringucci.JPG\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>The Italian metallurgist <a href=\"\/wiki\/Vannoccio_Biringuccio\" title=\"Vannoccio Biringuccio\">Vannoccio Biringuccio<\/a> produced described a procedure to isolate antimony.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\nThe intentional isolation of antimony is described by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan\" title=\"Jabir ibn Hayyan\">Jabir ibn Hayyan<\/a> before 815 AD.<a href=\"#cite_note-Sarton-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup> A description of a procedure for isolating antimony is later given in the 1540 book <a href=\"\/wiki\/De_la_pirotechnia\" title=\"De la pirotechnia\">De la pirotechnia<\/a><\/i> by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Vannoccio_Biringuccio\" title=\"Vannoccio Biringuccio\">Vannoccio Biringuccio<\/a>,<a href=\"#cite_note-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup> predating the more famous 1556 book by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Georg_Agricola\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Georg Agricola\">Agricola<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/De_re_metallica\" title=\"De re metallica\">De re metallica<\/a><\/i>. In this context Agricola has been often incorrectly credited with the discovery of metallic antimony. The book Currus Triumphalis Antimonii<\/i> (The Triumphal Chariot of Antimony), describing the preparation of metallic antimony, was published in Germany in 1604. It was purported to be written by a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Benedictine\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Benedictine\">Benedictine<\/a> monk, writing under the name <a href=\"\/wiki\/Basilius_Valentinus\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Basilius Valentinus\">Basilius Valentinus<\/a> in the 15th century; if it were authentic, which it is not, it would predate Biringuccio.<a href=\"#cite_note-priesner-27\">[note 1]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-cww-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">[27]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The metal antimony was known to German chemist <a href=\"\/wiki\/Andreas_Libavius\" title=\"Andreas Libavius\">Andreas Libavius<\/a> in 1615 who obtained it by adding iron to a molten mixture of antimony sulfide, salt and potassium <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tartrate\" title=\"Tartrate\">tartrate<\/a>. This procedure produced antimony with a crystalline or starred surface.<a href=\"#cite_note-mellor-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>With the advent of challenges to <a href=\"\/wiki\/Phlogiston_theory\" title=\"Phlogiston theory\">phlogiston theory<\/a>, it was recognized that antimony is an element forming sulfides, oxides, and other compounds, as do other metals.<a href=\"#cite_note-mellor-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The first discovery of naturally occurring pure antimony in the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Earth%27s_crust\" title=\"Earth's crust\">Earth’s crust<\/a> was described by the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Swedish_people\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Swedish people\">Swedish<\/a> scientist and local mine district engineer <a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Anton_von_Swab&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Anton von Swab (page does not exist)\">Anton von Swab<\/a> in 1783; the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Type_locality_(geology)\" title=\"Type locality (geology)\">type-sample<\/a> was collected from the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sala_Silver_Mine\" title=\"Sala Silver Mine\">Sala Silver Mine<\/a> in the Bergslagen mining district of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sala_Municipality,_Sweden\" title=\"Sala Municipality, Sweden\">Sala<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/V%C3%A4stmanland_County\" title=\"V\u00e4stmanland County\">V\u00e4stmanland<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Sweden\" title=\"Sweden\">Sweden<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-30\">[29]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Etymology<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=10\" title=\"Edit section: Etymology\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nThe medieval Latin form, from which the modern languages and late <a href=\"\/wiki\/Byzantine_Greek\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Byzantine Greek\">Byzantine Greek<\/a> take their names for antimony, is antimonium<\/i>. The origin of this is uncertain; all suggestions have some difficulty either of form or interpretation. The <a href=\"\/wiki\/Popular_etymology\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Popular etymology\">popular etymology<\/a>, from \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c2 anti-monachos<\/i> or French antimoine<\/i>, still has adherents; this would mean “monk-killer”, and is explained by many early <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alchemist\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alchemist\">alchemists<\/a> being monks, and antimony being poisonous.<a href=\"#cite_note-etym-32\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Another popular etymology is the hypothetical Greek word \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 antimonos<\/i>, “against aloneness”, explained as “not found as metal”, or “not found unalloyed”.<a href=\"#cite_note-kirk-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">[32]<\/a><\/sup> Lippmann conjectured a hypothetical Greek word \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd anthemonion<\/i>, which would mean “floret”, and cites several examples of related Greek words (but not that one) which describe chemical or biological <a href=\"\/wiki\/Efflorescence\" title=\"Efflorescence\">efflorescence<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-34\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The early uses of antimonium<\/i> include the translations, in 1050\u20131100, by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Constantine_the_African\" title=\"Constantine the African\">Constantine the African<\/a> of Arabic medical treatises.<a href=\"#cite_note-35\">[34]<\/a><\/sup> Several authorities believe antimonium<\/i> is a scribal corruption of some Arabic form; Meyerhof derives it from ithmid<\/i>;<a href=\"#cite_note-36\">[35]<\/a><\/sup> other possibilities include athimar<\/i>, the Arabic name of the metalloid, and a hypothetical as-stimmi<\/i>, derived from or parallel to the Greek.<a href=\"#cite_note-37\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-38\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The standard chemical symbol for antimony (Sb) is credited to <a href=\"\/wiki\/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"J\u00f6ns Jakob Berzelius\">J\u00f6ns Jakob Berzelius<\/a>, who derived the abbreviation from stibium<\/i>.<a href=\"#cite_note-39\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The ancient words for antimony mostly have, as their chief meaning, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Kohl_(cosmetics)\" title=\"Kohl (cosmetics)\">kohl<\/a>, the sulfide of antimony.\n<\/p>\nThe Egyptians called antimony m\u015bdmt<\/i>;<a href=\"#cite_note-40\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-sarton-41\">[40]<\/a><\/sup> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hieroglyphs\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Hieroglyphs\">hieroglyphs<\/a>, the vowels are uncertain, but the Coptic form of the word is \u2ca5\u2ca7\u2c8f\u2c99 (st\u0113m). The Greek word, \u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9 stimmi<\/i>, is probably a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Loan_word\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Loan word\">loan word<\/a> from Arabic or from Egyptian stm<\/i><a href=\"#cite_note-etym-32\">[31]<\/a><\/sup> <\/p><table class=\"mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer\" dir=\"ltr\"><tbody><tr><td> <table class=\"mw-hiero-table\"><tbody><tr> <td><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_O34.png?63e15\" height=\"6\" title=\"O34\" alt=\"O34\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_D46.png?1dee4\" height=\"12\" title=\"D46\" alt=\"D46\" \/><\/td> <td><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_G17.png?3741e\" height=\"38\" title=\"G17\" alt=\"G17\" \/><\/td><td><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_F21.png?6c920\" height=\"19\" title=\"F21\" alt=\"F21\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 1px;\" src=\"\/w\/extensions\/wikihiero\/img\/hiero_D4.png?e1f5d\" height=\"12\" title=\"D4\" alt=\"D4\" \/><\/td> <\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> and is used by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Attica\" title=\"Attica\">Attic<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tragedy\" title=\"Tragedy\">tragic<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Poet\" title=\"Poet\">poets<\/a> of the 5th century BC. Later Greeks also used \u03c3\u03c4\u1f30\u03b2\u03b9 stibi<\/i>, as did <a href=\"\/wiki\/Aulus_Cornelius_Celsus\" title=\"Aulus Cornelius Celsus\">Celsus<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pliny_the_Elder\" title=\"Pliny the Elder\">Pliny<\/a>, writing in Latin, in the first century AD. Pliny also gives the names stimi<\/i> [<a href=\"\/wiki\/Sic\" title=\"Sic\">sic<\/a><\/i>], larbaris<\/i>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alabaster\" title=\"Alabaster\">alabaster<\/a>, and the “very common” platyophthalmos<\/i>, “wide-eye” (from the effect of the cosmetic). Later Latin authors adapted the word to Latin as stibium<\/i>. The Arabic word for the substance, as opposed to the cosmetic, can appear as \u0625\u062b\u0645\u062f ithmid, athmoud, othmod<\/i>, or uthmod<\/i>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Littr%C3%A9\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Littr\u00e9\">Littr\u00e9<\/a> suggests the first form, which is the earliest, derives from stimmida<\/i>, an accusative for stimmi<\/i>.<a href=\"#cite_note-42\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><h2>Production<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=11\" title=\"Edit section: Production\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:352px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\/350px-World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"155\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\/525px-World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\/700px-World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"940\" data-file-height=\"415\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:World_Antimony_Production_2010.svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>World antimony output in 2010<a href=\"#cite_note-usgs-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:352px;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/27\/Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\/350px-Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"266\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/27\/Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\/525px-Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/27\/Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\/700px-Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"750\" data-file-height=\"570\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/File:Antimony_-_world_production_trend.svg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>World production trend of antimony<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Top producers and production volumes<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=12\" title=\"Edit section: Top producers and production volumes\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nThe <a href=\"\/wiki\/British_Geological_Survey\" title=\"British Geological Survey\">British Geological Survey<\/a> (BGS) reported that in 2005 China was the top producer of antimony with approximately 84% of the world share, followed at a distance by South Africa, Bolivia and Tajikistan. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Xikuangshan_Mine\" title=\"Xikuangshan Mine\">Xikuangshan Mine<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hunan\" title=\"Hunan\">Hunan<\/a> province has the largest deposits in China with an estimated deposit of 2.1 million metric tons.<a href=\"#cite_note-43\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>In 2016, according to the <a href=\"\/wiki\/US_Geological_Survey\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"US Geological Survey\">US Geological Survey<\/a>, China accounted for 76.9% of total antimony production, followed in second place by Russia with 6.9% and Tajikistan with 6.2%.<a href=\"#cite_note-44\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\n<caption>Antimony production in 2016<a href=\"#cite_note-usgs-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th>Country<\/th>\n<th>Tonnes<\/th>\n<th>% of total\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>100,000\n<\/td>\n<td>76.9\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Russia\" title=\"Russia\">Russia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>9,000\n<\/td>\n<td>6.9\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tajikistan\" title=\"Tajikistan\">Tajikistan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>8,000\n<\/td>\n<td>6.2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1100\" data-file-height=\"750\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bolivia\" title=\"Bolivia\">Bolivia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>4,000\n<\/td>\n<td>3.1\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\">Australia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>3,500\n<\/td>\n<td>2.7\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Top 5<\/i>\n<\/td>\n<td>124,500\n<\/td>\n<td>95.8\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Total world\n<\/th>\n<th>130,000\n<\/th>\n<th>100.0\n<\/th><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\nChinese production of antimony is expected to decline in the future as mines and smelters are closed down by the government as part of pollution control. Especially due to a new environmental protection law having gone into effect on January 2015<a href=\"#cite_note-45\">[44]<\/a><\/sup> and revised \u201cEmission Standards of Pollutants for Stanum, Antimony, and Mercury\u201d having gone into effect, hurdles for economic production are higher. According to the National Bureau of Statistics in China, by September 2015 50% of antimony production capacity in the Hunan province (the province with biggest antimony reserves in China) had not been used.<a href=\"#cite_note-46\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Reported production of antimony in China has fallen and is unlikely to increase in the coming years, according to the Roskill report. No significant antimony deposits in China have been developed for about ten years, and the remaining economic reserves are being rapidly depleted.<a href=\"#cite_note-Roskill-47\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The world’s largest antimony producers, according to Roskill, are listed below:\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable sortable\">\n<caption>Largest antimony producers in 2010.<a href=\"#cite_note-primer-48\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th>Country<\/th>\n<th>Company<\/th>\n<th>Capacity (tonnes per year)\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\">Australia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Mandalay Resources\n<\/td>\n<td>2,750\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1100\" data-file-height=\"750\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bolivia\" title=\"Bolivia\">Bolivia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>various\n<\/td>\n<td>5,460\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Canada\" title=\"Canada\">Canada<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Beaver Brook\n<\/td>\n<td>6,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Hsikwangshan Twinkling Star\n<\/td>\n<td>55,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Hunan Chenzhou Mining\n<\/td>\n<td>20,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>China Tin Group\n<\/td>\n<td>20,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Shenyang Huachang Antimony\n<\/td>\n<td>15,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"300\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Kazakhstan\" title=\"Kazakhstan\">Kazakhstan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Kazzinc\n<\/td>\n<td>1,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"14\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Kyrgyzstan\" title=\"Kyrgyzstan\">Kyrgyzstan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Kadamdzhai\n<\/td>\n<td>500\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Flag_of_Laos.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Flag_of_Laos.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Flag_of_Laos.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"400\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Laos\" title=\"Laos\">Laos<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>SRS\n<\/td>\n<td>500\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Flag_of_Mexico.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"13\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Flag_of_Mexico.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Flag_of_Mexico.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"980\" data-file-height=\"560\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mexico\" title=\"Mexico\">Mexico<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>US Antimony\n<\/td>\n<td>70\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Myanmar\" title=\"Myanmar\">Myanmar<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>various\n<\/td>\n<td>6,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Russia\" title=\"Russia\">Russia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>GeoProMining\n<\/td>\n<td>6,500\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\">South Africa<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Consolidated Murchison\n<\/td>\n<td>6,000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tajikistan\" title=\"Tajikistan\">Tajikistan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Unzob\n<\/td>\n<td>5,500\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a9\/Flag_of_Thailand.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a9\/Flag_of_Thailand.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a9\/Flag_of_Thailand.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thailand\" title=\"Thailand\">Thailand<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>unknown\n<\/td>\n<td>600\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Turkey\" title=\"Turkey\">Turkey<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>Cengiz & \u00d6zdemir Antimuan Madenleri\n<\/td>\n<td>2,400\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<h3>Reserves<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Reserves\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAccording to statistics from the USGS, current global reserves of antimony will be depleted in 13 years. However, the USGS expects more resources will be found.\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\n<caption>World antimony reserves in 2015<a href=\"#cite_note-primer-48\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th>Country<\/th>\n<th>Reserves (tonnes of antimony content)<\/th>\n<th>% of total\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\">People’s Republic of China<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>950,000\n<\/td>\n<td>47.81\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Russia\" title=\"Russia\">Russia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>350,000\n<\/td>\n<td>17.61\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg\/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1100\" data-file-height=\"750\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bolivia\" title=\"Bolivia\">Bolivia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>310,000\n<\/td>\n<td>15.60\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\">Australia<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>140,000\n<\/td>\n<td>7.05\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/United_States\" title=\"United States\">United States<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>60,000\n<\/td>\n<td>3.02\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tajikistan\" title=\"Tajikistan\">Tajikistan<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>50,000\n<\/td>\n<td>2.52\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" class=\"thumbborder\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/af\/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/> <\/span><a href=\"\/wiki\/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\">South Africa<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td>27,000\n<\/td>\n<td>1.36\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Other countries\n<\/td>\n<td>100,000\n<\/td>\n<td>5.03\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Total world\n<\/th>\n<th>1,987,000\n<\/th>\n<th>100.0\n<\/th><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<h3>Production process<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=14\" title=\"Edit section: Production process\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nThe extraction of antimony from ores depends on the quality and composition of the ore. Most antimony is mined as the sulfide; lower-grade ores are concentrated by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Froth_flotation\" title=\"Froth flotation\">froth flotation<\/a>, while higher-grade ores are heated to 500\u2013600 \u00b0C, the temperature at which stibnite melts and separates from the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Gangue\" title=\"Gangue\">gangue<\/a> minerals. Antimony can be isolated from the crude antimony sulfide by reduction with scrap iron:<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>S<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 Fe \u2192 2 Sb + 3 FeS<\/dd><\/dl>\nThe sulfide is converted to an oxide; the product is then roasted, sometimes for the purpose of vaporizing the volatile antimony(III) oxide, which is recovered.<a href=\"#cite_note-Ullmann-50\">[49]<\/a><\/sup> This material is often used directly for the main applications, impurities being arsenic and sulfide.<a href=\"#cite_note-Norm-51\">[50]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-52\">[51]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony is isolated from the oxide by a carbothermal reduction:<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-Norm-51\">[50]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>2 Sb<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/sup> 3<\/sub><\/span><\/span> + 3 C \u2192 4 Sb + 3 CO<\/sup> 2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/dd><\/dl>\nThe lower-grade ores are reduced in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Blast_furnace\" title=\"Blast furnace\">blast furnaces<\/a> while the higher-grade ores are reduced in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Reverberatory_furnace\" title=\"Reverberatory furnace\">reverberatory furnaces<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Supply risk and critical mineral rankings<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=15\" title=\"Edit section: Supply risk and critical mineral rankings\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAntimony has consistently been ranked high in European and US <a href=\"\/wiki\/Critical_mineral_raw_materials\" title=\"Critical mineral raw materials\">risk lists concerning criticality of the element<\/a> indicating the relative risk to the supply of chemical elements or element groups required to maintain the current economy and lifestyle.\n<\/p>With most of the antimony imported into Europe and the US coming from China, Chinese production is critical to supply. As China is revising and increasing environmental control standards, antimony production is becoming increasingly restricted. Additionally Chinese export quotas for antimony have been decreasing in the past years. These two factors increase supply risk for both Europe and US.\n<\/p>\n<h4>Europe<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=16\" title=\"Edit section: Europe\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nAccording to the BGS Risk List 2015, antimony is ranked second highest (after rare earth elements) on the relative supply risk index.<a href=\"#cite_note-53\">[52]<\/a><\/sup> This indicates that it has currently the second highest supply risk for chemical elements or element groups which are of economic value to the British economy and lifestyle.\nFurthermore, antimony was identified as one of 20 critical raw materials for the EU in a report published in 2014 (which revised the initial report published in 2011). As seen in Figure xxx antimony maintains high supply risk relative to its economic importance. 92% of the antimony is imported from China, which is a significantly high concentration of production.<a href=\"#cite_note-54\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4>U.S.<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=17\" title=\"Edit section: U.S.\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nMuch analysis has been conducted in the U.S. toward defining which metals should be called strategic or critical to the nation’s security. Exact definitions do not exist, and views as to what constitutes a strategic or critical mineral to U.S. security diverge.<a href=\"#cite_note-55\">[54]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>In 2015, no antimony was mined in the U.S. The metal is imported from foreign countries. From 2011-2014 68% of America’s antimony came from China, 14% from India, 4% from Mexico, and 14% from other sources. There are no publicly known government stockpiles in place currently.\n<\/p>The U.S. \u201cSubcommittee on Critical and Strategic Mineral Supply Chains\u201d has screened 78 mineral resources from 1996-2008. It found that a small subset of minerals including antimony has fallen into the category of potentially critical minerals consistently. In the future, a second assessment will be made of the found subset of minerals to identify which should be defined of significant risk and critical to U.S. interests.<a href=\"#cite_note-56\">[55]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Applications<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=18\" title=\"Edit section: Applications\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nAbout 60% of antimony is consumed in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Flame_retardant\" title=\"Flame retardant\">flame retardants<\/a>, and 20% is used in alloys for batteries, plain bearings, and solders.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Flame retardants<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=19\" title=\"Edit section: Flame retardants\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAntimony is mainly used as the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">trioxide<\/a> for <a href=\"\/wiki\/Flame_retardant\" title=\"Flame retardant\">flame-proofing compounds<\/a>, always in combination with halogenated flame retardants except in halogen-containing polymers. The flame retarding effect of antimony trioxide is produced by the formation of halogenated antimony compounds,<a href=\"#cite_note-57\">[56]<\/a><\/sup> which react with hydrogen atoms, and probably also with oxygen atoms and OH radicals, thus inhibiting fire.<a href=\"#cite_note-58\">[57]<\/a><\/sup> Markets for these flame-retardants include children’s clothing, toys, aircraft, and automobile seat covers. They are also added to <a href=\"\/wiki\/Polyester_resin\" title=\"Polyester resin\">polyester resins<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Glass-reinforced_plastic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Glass-reinforced plastic\">fiberglass<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Composite_material\" title=\"Composite material\">composites<\/a> for such items as light aircraft engine covers. The resin will burn in the presence of an externally generated flame, but will extinguish when the external flame is removed.<a href=\"#cite_note-Ullmann-50\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-59\">[58]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Alloys<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=20\" title=\"Edit section: Alloys\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nAntimony forms a highly useful <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alloy\" title=\"Alloy\">alloy<\/a> with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">lead<\/a>, increasing its hardness and mechanical strength. For most applications involving lead, varying amounts of antimony are used as alloying metal. In <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead%E2%80%93acid_batteries\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Lead\u2013acid batteries\">lead\u2013acid batteries<\/a>, this addition improves plate strength and charging characteristics.<a href=\"#cite_note-Ullmann-50\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-60\">[59]<\/a><\/sup> It is used in antifriction alloys (such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Babbitt_metal\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Babbitt metal\">Babbitt metal<\/a>),<a href=\"#cite_note-61\">[60]<\/a><\/sup> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bullet\" title=\"Bullet\">bullets<\/a> and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead_shot\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Lead shot\">lead shot<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Electrical_cable\" title=\"Electrical cable\">electrical cable<\/a> sheathing, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Type_metal\" title=\"Type metal\">type metal<\/a> (for example, for <a href=\"\/wiki\/Linotype_machine\" title=\"Linotype machine\">linotype<\/a> printing machines<a href=\"#cite_note-62\">[61]<\/a><\/sup>), <a href=\"\/wiki\/Solder\" title=\"Solder\">solder<\/a> (some “<a href=\"\/wiki\/RoHS\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"RoHS\">lead-free<\/a>” solders contain 5% Sb),<a href=\"#cite_note-63\">[62]<\/a><\/sup> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pewter\" title=\"Pewter\">pewter<\/a>,<a href=\"#cite_note-64\">[63]<\/a><\/sup> and in hardening alloys with low <a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">tin<\/a> content in the manufacturing of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Organ_pipe\" title=\"Organ pipe\">organ pipes<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Other applications<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=21\" title=\"Edit section: Other applications\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nThree other applications consume nearly all the rest of the world’s supply.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup> One application is as a stabilizer and catalyst for the production of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Polyethylene_terephthalate\" title=\"Polyethylene terephthalate\">polyethylene terephthalate<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup> Another is as a fining agent to remove microscopic bubbles in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Glass\" title=\"Glass\">glass<\/a>, mostly for TV screens;<a href=\"#cite_note-65\">[64]<\/a><\/sup> antimony ions interact with oxygen, suppressing the tendency of the latter to form bubbles.<a href=\"#cite_note-66\">[65]<\/a><\/sup> The third application is pigments.<a href=\"#cite_note-of03-49\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Antimony is increasingly being used in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Semiconductor\" title=\"Semiconductor\">semiconductors<\/a> as a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Dopant\" title=\"Dopant\">dopant<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/N-type_semiconductor\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"N-type semiconductor\">n-type<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Silicon\" title=\"Silicon\">silicon<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Wafer_(electronics)\" title=\"Wafer (electronics)\">wafers<\/a><a href=\"#cite_note-67\">[66]<\/a><\/sup> for <a href=\"\/wiki\/Diode\" title=\"Diode\">diodes<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Infrared\" title=\"Infrared\">infrared<\/a> detectors, and <a href=\"\/wiki\/Hall_effect\" title=\"Hall effect\">Hall-effect<\/a> devices. In the 1950s, the emitters and collectors of n-p-n <a href=\"\/wiki\/Alloy_junction_transistor\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alloy junction transistor\">alloy junction transistors<\/a> were doped with tiny beads of a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">lead<\/a>-antimony alloy.<a href=\"#cite_note-68\">[67]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Indium_antimonide\" title=\"Indium antimonide\">Indium antimonide<\/a> is used as a material for mid-<a href=\"\/wiki\/Infrared_detector\" title=\"Infrared detector\">infrared detectors<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-69\">[68]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-70\">[69]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-71\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Biology and medicine have few uses for antimony. Treatments containing antimony, known as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimonial\" title=\"Antimonial\">antimonials<\/a>, are used as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Emetic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Emetic\">emetics<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-72\">[71]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony compounds are used as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antiprotozoal_agent\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antiprotozoal agent\">antiprotozoan<\/a> drugs. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Potassium_antimonyl_tartrate\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Potassium antimonyl tartrate\">Potassium antimonyl tartrate<\/a>, or tartar emetic, was once used as an anti-<a href=\"\/wiki\/Schistosomiasis\" title=\"Schistosomiasis\">schistosomal<\/a> drug from 1919 on. It was subsequently replaced by <a href=\"\/wiki\/Praziquantel\" title=\"Praziquantel\">praziquantel<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-73\">[72]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony and its compounds are used in several <a href=\"\/wiki\/Veterinary\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Veterinary\">veterinary<\/a> preparations, such as anthiomaline and lithium antimony thiomalate, as a skin conditioner in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Ruminant\" title=\"Ruminant\">ruminants<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-74\">[73]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony has a nourishing or conditioning effect on <a href=\"\/wiki\/Keratinized\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Keratinized\">keratinized<\/a> tissues in animals.\n<\/p>Antimony-based drugs, such as <a href=\"\/wiki\/Meglumine_antimoniate\" title=\"Meglumine antimoniate\">meglumine antimoniate<\/a>, are also considered the drugs of choice for treatment of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Leishmaniasis\" title=\"Leishmaniasis\">leishmaniasis<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Domestic_animal\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Domestic animal\">domestic animals<\/a>. Unfortunately, besides having low <a href=\"\/wiki\/Therapeutic_index\" title=\"Therapeutic index\">therapeutic indices<\/a>, the drugs have minimal penetration of the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bone_marrow\" title=\"Bone marrow\">bone marrow<\/a>, where some of the Leishmania<\/i> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Amastigote\" title=\"Amastigote\">amastigotes<\/a> reside, and curing the disease \u2013 especially the visceral form \u2013 is very difficult.<a href=\"#cite_note-75\">[74]<\/a><\/sup> Elemental antimony as an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pill\" title=\"Antimony pill\">antimony pill<\/a> was once used as a medicine. It could be reused by others after ingestion and elimination.<a href=\"#cite_note-76\">[75]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony(III)_sulfide\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antimony(III) sulfide\">Antimony(III) sulfide<\/a> is used in the heads of some <a href=\"\/wiki\/Safety_match\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Safety match\">safety matches<\/a>.<a href=\"#cite_note-Trends-77\">[76]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-78\">[77]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony sulfides help to stabilize the friction coefficient in automotive brake pad materials.<a href=\"#cite_note-79\">[78]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony is used in bullets, bullet tracers,<a href=\"#cite_note-80\">[79]<\/a><\/sup> paint, glass art, and as an <a href=\"\/wiki\/Opacifier\" title=\"Opacifier\">opacifier<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Vitreous_enamel\" title=\"Vitreous enamel\">enamel<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony-124\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antimony-124\">Antimony-124<\/a> is used together with <a href=\"\/wiki\/Beryllium\" title=\"Beryllium\">beryllium<\/a> in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Neutron_source\" title=\"Neutron source\">neutron sources<\/a>; the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Gamma_ray\" title=\"Gamma ray\">gamma rays<\/a> emitted by antimony-124 initiate the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Photodisintegration\" title=\"Photodisintegration\">photodisintegration<\/a> of beryllium.<a href=\"#cite_note-81\">[80]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"#cite_note-82\">[81]<\/a><\/sup> The emitted neutrons have an average energy of 24 keV.<a href=\"#cite_note-83\">[82]<\/a><\/sup> Natural antimony is used in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Startup_neutron_source\" title=\"Startup neutron source\">startup neutron sources<\/a>.\n<\/p>Historically, the powder derived from crushed antimony (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Kohl_(cosmetics)\" title=\"Kohl (cosmetics)\">kohl<\/a><\/i>) has been applied to the eyes with a metal rod and with one’s spittle, thought by the ancients to aid in curing eye infections.<a href=\"#cite_note-84\">[83]<\/a><\/sup> The practice is still seen in <a href=\"\/wiki\/Yemen\" title=\"Yemen\">Yemen<\/a> and in other Arabian countries.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Precautions<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=22\" title=\"Edit section: Precautions\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nThe effects of antimony and its compounds on human and environmental health differ widely. Elemental antimony metal does not affect human and environmental health. Inhalation of antimony trioxide (and similar poorly soluble Sb(III) dust particles such as antimony dust) is considered harmful and suspected of causing cancer. However, these effects are only observed with female rats and after long-term exposure to high dust concentrations. The effects are hypothesized to be attributed to inhalation of poorly soluble Sb particles leading to impaired lung clearance, lung overload, inflammation and ultimately tumour formation, not to exposure to antimony ions (OECD, 2008). Antimony chlorides are corrosive to skin. The effects of antimony are not comparable to those of arsenic; this might be caused by the significant differences of uptake, metabolism, and excretion between arsenic and antimony.\n<\/p>For oral absorption, ICRP (1994) has recommended values of 10% for tartar emetic and 1% for all other antimony compounds. Dermal absorption for metals is estimated to be at most 1% (HERAG, 2007). Inhalation absorption of antimony trioxide and other poorly soluble Sb(III) substances (such as antimony dust) is estimated at 6.8% (OECD, 2008), whereas a value <1% is derived for Sb(V) substances. Antimony(V) is not quantitatively reduced to antimony(III) in the cell, and both species exist simultaneously.\n<\/p>Antimony is mainly excreted from the human body via urine. Antimony and its compounds do not cause acute human health effects, with the exception of <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_potassium_tartrate\" title=\"Antimony potassium tartrate\">antimony potassium tartrate<\/a> (“tartar emetic”), a prodrug that is intentionally used to treat <a href=\"\/wiki\/Leishmaniasis\" title=\"Leishmaniasis\">leishmaniasis<\/a> patients.\n<\/p>Prolonged skin contact with antimony dust may cause dermatitis. However, it was agreed at the European Union level that the skin rashes observed are not substance-specific, but most probably due to a physical blocking of sweat ducts (ECHA\/PR\/09\/09, Helsinki, 6 July 2009). Antimony dust may also be explosive when dispersed in the air; when in a bulk solid it is not combustible.<a href=\"#cite_note-:0-85\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Antimony is incompatible with strong acids, halogenated acids, and oxidizers; when exposed to newly formed hydrogen it may form <a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibine\" title=\"Stibine\">stibine<\/a> (SbH3<\/sub>).<a href=\"#cite_note-:0-85\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>The 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) is set at 0.5 mg\/m3<\/sup> by the <a href=\"\/wiki\/American_Conference_of_Governmental_Industrial_Hygienists\" title=\"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists\">American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists<\/a> and by the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration\" title=\"Occupational Safety and Health Administration\">Occupational Safety and Health Administration<\/a> (OSHA) as a legal <a href=\"\/wiki\/Permissible_exposure_limit\" title=\"Permissible exposure limit\">permissible exposure limit<\/a> (PEL) in the workplace. The <a href=\"\/wiki\/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health\" title=\"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health\">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health<\/a> (NIOSH) has set a <a href=\"\/wiki\/Recommended_exposure_limit\" title=\"Recommended exposure limit\">recommended exposure limit<\/a> (REL) of 0.5 mg\/m3<\/sup> as an 8 hour TWA.<a href=\"#cite_note-:0-85\">[84]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony compounds are used as catalysts for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) production. Some studies report minor antimony leaching from PET bottles into liquids, but levels are below drinking water guidelines. Antimony concentrations in fruit juice concentrates were somewhat higher (up to 44.7 \u00b5g\/L of antimony), but juices do not fall under the drinking water regulations. The drinking water guidelines are:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/World_Health_Organization\" title=\"World Health Organization\">World Health Organization<\/a>: 20 \u00b5g\/L<\/li>\n<li>Japan: 15 \u00b5g\/L<a href=\"#cite_note-86\">[85]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency\" title=\"United States Environmental Protection Agency\">United States Environmental Protection Agency<\/a>, Health Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Environment: 6 \u00b5g\/L<\/li>\n<li>EU and German Federal Ministry of Environment: 5 \u00b5g\/L<a href=\"#cite_note-shotyk-87\">[86]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\nThe TDI proposed by WHO is 6 \u00b5g antimony per kilogram of body weight.<a href=\"#cite_note-88\">[87]<\/a><\/sup> The <a href=\"\/wiki\/IDLH\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"IDLH\">IDLH<\/a> (immediately dangerous to life and health) value for antimony is 50 mg\/m3<\/sup>.<a href=\"#cite_note-:0-85\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Toxicity<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=23\" title=\"Edit section: Toxicity\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nCertain compounds of antimony appear to be toxic, particularly antimony trioxide and antimony potassium tartrate.<a href=\"#cite_note-atsdr.cdc.gov-89\">[88]<\/a><\/sup> Effects may be similar to arsenic poisoning.<a href=\"#cite_note-90\">[89]<\/a><\/sup> Occupational exposure may cause respiratory irritation, pneumoconiosis, antimony spots on the skin, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, antimony trioxide is potentially carcinogenic to humans.<a href=\"#cite_note-91\">[90]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>Adverse health effects have been observed in humans and animals following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure to antimony and antimony compounds.<a href=\"#cite_note-atsdr.cdc.gov-89\">[88]<\/a><\/sup> Antimony toxicity typically occurs either due to occupational exposure, during therapy or from accidental ingestion. It is unclear if antimony can enter the body through the skin.<a href=\"#cite_note-atsdr.cdc.gov-89\">[88]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>See also<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=24\" title=\"Edit section: See also\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<table role=\"presentation\" class=\"metadata mbox-small\" style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td class=\"mbox-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"icon\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a8\/Office-book.svg\/30px-Office-book.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a8\/Office-book.svg\/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a8\/Office-book.svg\/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"48\" data-file-height=\"48\" \/><\/td>\n<td class=\"mbox-text plainlist\"><ul style=\"font-weight: bold\">\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Book:Antimony\" title=\"Book:Antimony\">Book: Antimony<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Phase_change_memory\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Phase change memory\">Phase change memory<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>Notes<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=25\" title=\"Edit section: Notes\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-priesner-27\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-priesner_27-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Already in 1710 Wilhelm Gottlob Freiherr von <a href=\"\/wiki\/Leibniz\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Leibniz\">Leibniz<\/a>, after careful inquiry, concluded the work was spurious, there was no monk named Basilius Valentinus, and the book’s author was its ostensible editor, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Johann_Th%C3%B6lde\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Johann Th\u00f6lde\">Johann Th\u00f6lde<\/a> (<a href=\"\/wiki\/Circa\" title=\"Circa\">c.<\/a> 1565 \u2013 c. 1624). Professional historians now agree the Currus Triumphalis …<\/i> was written after the middle of the 16th century and Th\u00f6lde was likely its author.<a href=\"#cite_note-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n<h2>References<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=26\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist columns references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-CIAAW2013-1\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CIAAW2013_1-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). “Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)”. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry\" title=\"Pure and Applied Chemistry\">Pure and Applied Chemistry<\/a><\/i>. 88<\/b> (3): 265\u201391. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305\">10.1515\/pac-2015-0305<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2013+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=265-91&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305&rft.aulast=Meija&rft.aufirst=Juris&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Berglund%2C+Michael&rft.au=Brand%2C+Willi+A.&rft.au=De+Bi%C3%A8vre%2C+Paul&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Loss%2C+Robert+D.&rft.au=Walczyk%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Prohaska%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886058088\">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"'\"\"'\"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url(\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Lock-green.svg\/9px-Lock-green.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url(\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg\/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url(\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Lock-red-alt-2.svg\/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Wikisource-logo.svg\/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}<\/style><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). “Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds”. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110303222309\/http:\/\/www-d0.fnal.gov\/hardware\/cal\/lvps_info\/engineering\/elementmagn.pdf\">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics<\/i><\/a> (PDF)<\/span> (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8493-0486-5\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-8493-0486-5\"><bdi>0-8493-0486-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magnetic+susceptibility+of+the+elements+and+inorganic+compounds&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&rft.edition=86th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110303222309%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felementmagn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics<\/i>. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8493-0464-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-8493-0464-4\"><bdi>0-8493-0464-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <a href=\"\/wiki\/David_Kimhi\" title=\"David Kimhi\">David Kimhi<\/a>‘s Commentary on Jeremiah 4:30 and I Chronicles 29:2; Hebrew: \u05e4\u05d5\u05da<\/b>\/\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05d7\u05bb\u05dc<\/b>, Aramaic: \u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc\u05d7\u05b0\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9<\/b>\/\u05e6\u05d3\u05d9\u05d3\u05d0<\/b>; Arabic: \u0643\u062d\u0644<\/b>, and which can also refer to <a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trisulfide\" title=\"Antimony trisulfide\">antimony trisulfide<\/a>. See also Z. Dori, Antimony and Henna<\/i> (Heb. \u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05da \u05d5\u05d4\u05db\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8<\/b>), Jerusalem 1983 (Hebrew).<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-wiberg_holleman-5\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-4\">e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-5\">f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-6\">g<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-7\">h<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-wiberg_holleman_5-8\">i<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils & Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry<\/i>. Academic Press. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-352651-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-352651-9\"><bdi>978-0-12-352651-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+chemistry&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-12-352651-9&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Egon&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rft.au=Holleman%2C+Arnold+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukcoinpics.co.uk\/metal.html\">“Metals Used in Coins and Medals”<\/a>. ukcoinpics.co.uk.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metals+Used+in+Coins+and+Medals&rft.pub=ukcoinpics.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcoinpics.co.uk%2Fmetal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-kirk-7\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-kirk_7-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-kirk_7-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-kirk_7-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> “Antimony” in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology<\/i>, 5th ed. 2004. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-471-48494-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-471-48494-3\">978-0-471-48494-3<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-cww-8\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-cww_8-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cww_8-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Wang, Chung Wu (1919). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/library.sciencemadness.org\/library\/books\/antimony.pdf\">“The Chemistry of Antimony”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. Antimony: Its History, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Metallurgy, Uses, Preparation, Analysis, Production and Valuation with Complete Bibliographies<\/i>. London, United Kingdom: Charles Geiffin and Co. Ltd. pp. 6\u201333.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Chemistry+of+Antimony&rft.btitle=Antimony%3A+Its+History%2C+Chemistry%2C+Mineralogy%2C+Geology%2C+Metallurgy%2C+Uses%2C+Preparation%2C+Analysis%2C+Production+and+Valuation+with+Complete+Bibliographies&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=6-33&rft.pub=Charles+Geiffin+and+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Chung+Wu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.sciencemadness.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2Fantimony.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Norman, Nicholas C (1998). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA50\">Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth<\/i><\/a>. pp. 50\u201351. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\"><bdi>978-0-7514-0389-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+arsenic%2C+antimony%2C+and+bismuth&rft.pages=50-51&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7514-0389-3&rft.au=Norman%2C+Nicholas+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvVhpurkfeN4C%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-NUBASE-10\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-NUBASE_10-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite id=\"CITEREFAudiBersillonBlachotWapstra2003\" class=\"citation\">Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; <a href=\"\/wiki\/Aaldert_Wapstra\" title=\"Aaldert Wapstra\">Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik<\/a> (2003), <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/in2p3-00020241\/document\">“The NUBASE<\/small> evaluation of nuclear and decay properties”<\/a>, Nuclear Physics A<\/i>, 729<\/b>: 3\u2013128, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2003NuPhA.729....3A\">2003NuPhA.729….3A<\/a>, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001\">10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001<\/a><\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+N%3Csmall%3EUBASE%3C%2Fsmall%3E+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&rft.volume=729&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Blachot%2C+Jean&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+Aaldert+Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fin2p3-00020241%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-usgs-11\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-usgs_11-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-usgs_11-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-usgs_11-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-usgs_11-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/antimony\/mcs-2016-antim.pdf\">“Mineral Commodity Summaries: Antimony”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/United_States_Geological_Survey\" title=\"United States Geological Survey\">United States Geological Survey<\/a>. Retrieved 1 January<\/span> 2016<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mineral+Commodity+Summaries%3A+Antimony&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fantimony%2Fmcs-2016-antim.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Greenwood-12\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Greenwood_12-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Greenwood_12-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-7506-3365-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-7506-3365-4\">0-7506-3365-4<\/a>.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-reger2009-13\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-reger2009_13-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Reger, Daniel L.; Goode, Scott R. & Ball, David W. (2009). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=OUIaM1V3ThsC&pg=PA883\">Chemistry: Principles and Practice<\/i><\/a> (3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 883. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-534-42012-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-534-42012-3\"><bdi>978-0-534-42012-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry%3A+Principles+and+Practice&rft.pages=883&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-534-42012-3&rft.au=Reger%2C+Daniel+L.&rft.au=Goode%2C+Scott+R.&rft.au=Ball%2C+David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOUIaM1V3ThsC%26pg%3DPA883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-house-14\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-house_14-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-house_14-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">House, James E. (2008). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ocKWuxOur-kC&pg=PA502\">Inorganic chemistry<\/i><\/a>. Academic Press. p. 502. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-356786-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-356786-4\"><bdi>978-0-12-356786-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+chemistry&rft.pages=502&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-12-356786-4&rft.au=House%2C+James+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DocKWuxOur-kC%26pg%3DPA502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-norman-15\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-norman_15-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-norman_15-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Godfrey, S. M.; McAuliffe, C. A.; Mackie, A. G. & Pritchard, R. G. (1998). Norman, Nicholas C. (ed.). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth<\/i>. Springer. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\"><bdi>978-0-7514-0389-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+arsenic%2C+antimony%2C+and+bismuth&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7514-0389-3&rft.au=Godfrey%2C+S.+M.&rft.au=McAuliffe%2C+C.+A.&rft.au=Mackie%2C+A.+G.&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+R.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Long, G.; Stevens, J. G.; Bowen, L. H.; Ruby, S. L. (1969). “The oxidation number of antimony in antimony pentasulfide”. Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters<\/i>. 5<\/b>: 21. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0020-1650%2869%2980231-X\">10.1016\/0020-1650(69)80231-X<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+and+Nuclear+Chemistry+Letters&rft.atitle=The+oxidation+number+of+antimony+in+antimony+pentasulfide&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0020-1650%2869%2980231-X&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Bowen%2C+L.+H.&rft.au=Ruby%2C+S.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Lees, R.; Powell, A.; Chippindale, A. (2007). “The synthesis and characterisation of four new antimony sulphides incorporating transition-metal complexes”. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids<\/i>. 68<\/b> (5\u20136): 1215. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2007JPCS...68.1215L\">2007JPCS…68.1215L<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jpcs.2006.12.010\">10.1016\/j.jpcs.2006.12.010<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Solids&rft.atitle=The+synthesis+and+characterisation+of+four+new+antimony+sulphides+incorporating+transition-metal+complexes&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&rft.pages=1215&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jpcs.2006.12.010&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007JPCS...68.1215L&rft.aulast=Lees&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Powell%2C+A.&rft.au=Chippindale%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Kahlenberg, Louis (2008). Outlines of Chemistry \u2013 A Textbook for College Students<\/i>. READ BOOKS. pp. 324\u2013325. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4097-6995-8\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4097-6995-8\"><bdi>978-1-4097-6995-8<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outlines+of+Chemistry+%E2%80%93+A+Textbook+for+College+Students&rft.pages=324-325&rft.pub=READ+BOOKS&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4097-6995-8&rft.au=Kahlenberg%2C+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Elschenbroich, C. “Organometallics” (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. <link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/3-527-29390-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/3-527-29390-6\">3-527-29390-6<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Shortland, A. J. (2006). “Application of Lead Isotope Analysis to a Wide Range of Late Bronze Age Egyptian Materials”. Archaeometry<\/i>. 48<\/b> (4): 657. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4754.2006.00279.x\">10.1111\/j.1475-4754.2006.00279.x<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeometry&rft.atitle=Application+of+Lead+Isotope+Analysis+to+a+Wide+Range+of+Late+Bronze+Age+Egyptian+Materials&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=657&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-4754.2006.00279.x&rft.aulast=Shortland&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-moorey-21\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-moorey_21-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-moorey_21-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-moorey_21-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-moorey_21-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Moorey, P. R. S. (1994). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=P_Ixuott4doC&pg=PA241\">Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: the Archaeological Evidence<\/i><\/a>. New York: Clarendon Press. p. 241. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-57506-042-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-57506-042-2\"><bdi>978-1-57506-042-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Mesopotamian+Materials+and+Industries%3A+the+Archaeological+Evidence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-042-2&rft.aulast=Moorey&rft.aufirst=P.+R.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DP_Ixuott4doC%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-mellor-22\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-mellor_22-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-mellor_22-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-mellor_22-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-mellor_22-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Mellor, Joseph William (1964). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=BGE6AQAAIAAJ\">“Antimony”<\/a>. A comprehensive treatise on inorganic and theoretical chemistry<\/i>. 9<\/b>. p. 339.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antimony&rft.btitle=A+comprehensive+treatise+on+inorganic+and+theoretical+chemistry&rft.pages=339&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Mellor%2C+Joseph+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBGE6AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-23\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Pliny, <a href=\"\/wiki\/Natural_History_(Pliny)\" title=\"Natural History (Pliny)\">Natural history<\/a><\/i>, 33.33; W.H.S. Jones, the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Loeb_Classical_Library\" title=\"Loeb Classical Library\">Loeb Classical Library<\/a> translator, supplies a note suggesting the identifications.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Sarton-24\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Sarton_24-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <a href=\"\/wiki\/George_Sarton\" title=\"George Sarton\">George Sarton<\/a>, Introduction to the History of Science<\/i>. “We find in his writings […] preparation of various substances (e.g., basic lead carbonatic, arsenic and antimony from their sulphides).”<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Vannoccio Biringuccio, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/library.si.edu\/digital-library\/book\/delapirotechnial00biri\">De la Pirotechnia<\/i><\/a> (Venice (Italy): Curtio Navo e fratelli, 1540), Book 2, chapter 3: Del antimonio & sua miniera, Capitolo terzo<\/i> (On antimony and its ore, third chapter), pp. 27-28. [Note: Only every second page of this book is numbered, so the relevant passage is to be found on the 74th and 75th pages of the text.] (in Italian)<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-26\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Priesner, Claus; Figala, Karin, eds. (1998). Alchemie. Lexikon einer hermetischen Wissenschaft<\/i> (in German). M\u00fcnchen: C.H. Beck.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alchemie.+Lexikon+einer+hermetischen+Wissenschaft&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> s.v. “Basilius Valentinus.” Harold Jantz was perhaps the only modern scholar to deny Th\u00f6lde’s authorship, but he too agrees the work dates from after 1550: see his <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/microformguides.gale.com\/Data\/Download\/2025000R.pdf\">catalogue of German Baroque literature<\/a>.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-29\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mary_Elvira_Weeks\" title=\"Mary Elvira Weeks\">Weeks, Mary Elvira<\/a> (1932). “The discovery of the elements. II. Elements known to the alchemists”. Journal of Chemical Education<\/i>. 9<\/b> (1): 11. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1932JChEd...9...11W\">1932JChEd…9…11W<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Fed009p11\">10.1021\/ed009p11<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+the+elements.+II.+Elements+known+to+the+alchemists&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed009p11&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932JChEd...9...11W&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-30\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mindat.org\/min-262.html\">“Native antimony”<\/a>. Mindat.org.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Native+antimony&rft.pub=Mindat.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-262.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-31\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Klaproth, M. (1803). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qxtRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA230\">“XL. Extracts from the third volume of the analyses”<\/a>. Philosophical Magazine<\/i>. Series 1. 17<\/b> (67): 230. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F14786440308676406\">10.1080\/14786440308676406<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Magazine&rft.atitle=XL.+Extracts+from+the+third+volume+of+the+analyses&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=67&rft.pages=230&rft.date=1803&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14786440308676406&rft.aulast=Klaproth&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqxtRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-etym-32\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-etym_32-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-etym_32-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\">Harper, Douglas. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/?term=antimony\">“antimony”<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Online_Etymology_Dictionary\" title=\"Online Etymology Dictionary\">Online Etymology Dictionary<\/a><\/i>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=antimony&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dantimony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-33\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Fernando, Diana (1998). Alchemy: an illustrated A to Z<\/i>. Blandford.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alchemy%3A+an+illustrated+A+to+Z&rft.pub=Blandford&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Fernando%2C+Diana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/> Fernando even derives it from the story of how “Basil Valentine” and his fellow monastic alchemists poisoned themselves by working with antimony; antimonium<\/i> is found two centuries before his time. “Popular etymology” from OED<\/i>; as for antimonos<\/i>, the pure negative would be more naturally expressed by a-<\/i> “not”.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-34\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-34\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Lippman, pp. 643\u20135<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-35\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-35\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Lippman, p. 642, writing in 1919, says “zuerst<\/i>“.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-36\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-36\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Meyerhof as quoted in Sarton, asserts that ithmid<\/i> or athmoud<\/i> became corrupted in the medieval “traductions barbaro-latines”.; the OED<\/i> asserts some Arabic form is the origin, and if ithmid<\/i> is the root, posits athimodium, atimodium, atimonium<\/i>, as intermediate forms.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-37\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Endlich, p. 28; one of the advantages of as-stimmi<\/i> would be that it has a whole syllable in common with antimonium<\/i>.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-38\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-38\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Endlich, F. M. (1888). “On Some Interesting Derivations of Mineral Names”. The American Naturalist<\/i>. 22<\/b> (253): 21\u201332. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F274630\">10.1086\/274630<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2451020\">2451020<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=On+Some+Interesting+Derivations+of+Mineral+Names&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=253&rft.pages=21-32&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F274630&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2451020&rft.aulast=Endlich&rft.aufirst=F.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-39\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-39\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> In his long article on chemical reactions and nomenclature \u2013 J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius, “Essay on the cause of chemical proportions, and on some circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy method of expressing them,” Annals of Philosophy<\/i>, vol. 2, pages 443\u2013454 (1813) and vol. 3, pages 51\u201362, 93\u2013106, 244\u2013255, 353\u2013364 (1814) \u2013 on <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=E8M4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA52\">page 52<\/a>, Berzelius lists the symbol for antimony as “St”; however, starting on <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=E8M4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA248\">page 248<\/a>, Berzelius subsequently uses the symbol “Sb” for antimony.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-40\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Albright, W. F. (1918). “Notes on Egypto-Semitic Etymology. II”. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures<\/i>. 34<\/b> (4): 215\u2013255 [230]. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F369866\">10.1086\/369866<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/528157\">528157<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Semitic+Languages+and+Literatures&rft.atitle=Notes+on+Egypto-Semitic+Etymology.+II&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=215-255+230&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F369866&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F528157&rft.aulast=Albright&rft.aufirst=W.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-sarton-41\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-sarton_41-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Sarton, George (1935). Translated by Max Meyerhof. “Review of Al-morchid fi’l-kohhl, ou Le guide d’oculistique<\/i>“. Isis<\/i> (in French). 22<\/b> (2): 539\u2013542 [541]. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F346926\">10.1086\/346926<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/225136\">225136<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Review+of+Al-morchid+fi%27l-kohhl%2C+ou+Le+guide+d%27oculistique&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=539-542+541&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F346926&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F225136&rft.au=Sarton%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/> quotes Meyerhof, the translator of the book he is reviewing.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-42\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-42\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <a href=\"\/wiki\/LSJ\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"LSJ\">LSJ<\/a>, s.v.<\/i>, vocalisation, spelling, and declension vary; Endlich, p. 28; Celsus, 6.6.6 ff; Pliny Natural History<\/i> 33.33; Lewis and Short: Latin Dictionary<\/i>. OED<\/i>, s. “antimony”.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-43\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-43\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Peng, J.; Hu, R.-Z.; Burnard, P. G. (2003). “Samarium\u2013neodymium isotope systematics of hydrothermal calcites from the Xikuangshan antimony deposit (Hunan, China): the potential of calcite as a geochronometer”. Chemical Geology<\/i>. 200<\/b> (1\u20132): 129. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2003ChGeo.200..129P\">2003ChGeo.200..129P<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0009-2541%2803%2900187-6\">10.1016\/S0009-2541(03)00187-6<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Geology&rft.atitle=Samarium%E2%80%93neodymium+isotope+systematics+of+hydrothermal+calcites+from+the+Xikuangshan+antimony+deposit+%28Hunan%2C+China%29%3A+the+potential+of+calcite+as+a+geochronometer&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=129&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0009-2541%2803%2900187-6&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ChGeo.200..129P&rft.aulast=Peng&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Hu%2C+R.-Z.&rft.au=Burnard%2C+P.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-44\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-44\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/antimony\/mcs-2017-antim.pdf\">“United States Geological Mineral Commodity Summary”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Geological+Mineral+Commodity+Summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fantimony%2Fmcs-2017-antim.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-45\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-45\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/Environmental-Protection-Law-2014-eversion.pdf\">“Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. 24 April 2014.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environmental+Protection+Law+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2014-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadialogue.net%2FEnvironmental-Protection-Law-2014-eversion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-46\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-46\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/antimony\/mcs-2016-antim.pdf\">“U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries: Antimony”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. 1 January 2016.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Geological+Survey%2C+Mineral+Commodity+Summaries%3A+Antimony&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fantimony%2Fmcs-2016-antim.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Roskill-47\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Roskill_47-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121018034957\/http:\/\/www.ancoa.com.au\/RoskillCRT.pdf\">“Study of the antimony market by Roskill Consulting Group”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. Archived from <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ancoa.com.au\/RoskillCRT.pdf\">the original<\/a> (PDF)<\/span> on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 9 April<\/span> 2012<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Study+of+the+antimony+market+by+Roskill+Consulting+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancoa.com.au%2FRoskillCRT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-primer-48\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-primer_48-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-primer_48-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> \n<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/tri-starresources.com\/assets\/Antimony%20Primer%20Final%20Jan%202012(1).pdf\">Antimony Uses, Production and Prices Primer<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121025010012\/http:\/\/tri-starresources.com\/assets\/Antimony%20Primer%20Final%20Jan%202012%281%29.pdf\">Archived<\/a> 25 October 2012 at the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a> . tri-starresources.com<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-of03-49\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-4\">e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-5\">f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-of03_49-6\">g<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Butterman, C.; Carlin, Jr., J. F. (2003). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/2003\/of03-019\/of03-019.pdf\">“Mineral Commodity Profiles: Antimony”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. United States Geological Survey.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mineral+Commodity+Profiles%3A+Antimony&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Butterman&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Carlin%2C+Jr.%2C+J.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fof%2F2003%2Fof03-019%2Fof03-019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Ullmann-50\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Ullmann_50-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Ullmann_50-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Ullmann_50-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> Grund, Sabina C.; Hanusch, Kunibert; Breunig, Hans J.; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2006) “Antimony and Antimony Compounds” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry<\/i>, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2F14356007.a03_055.pub2\">10.1002\/14356007.a03_055.pub2<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Norm-51\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-Norm_51-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Norm_51-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Norman, Nicholas C (1998). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA45\">Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth<\/i><\/a>. p. 45. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7514-0389-3\"><bdi>978-0-7514-0389-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+arsenic%2C+antimony%2C+and+bismuth&rft.pages=45&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7514-0389-3&rft.au=Norman%2C+Nicholas+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvVhpurkfeN4C%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-52\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-52\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Wilson, N. J.; Craw, D.; Hunter, K. (2004). “Antimony distribution and environmental mobility at an historic antimony smelter site, New Zealand”. Environmental Pollution<\/i>. 129<\/b> (2): 257\u201366. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2003.10.014\">10.1016\/j.envpol.2003.10.014<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14987811\">14987811<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Antimony+distribution+and+environmental+mobility+at+an+historic+antimony+smelter+site%2C+New+Zealand&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=257-66&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2003.10.014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14987811&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=N.+J.&rft.au=Craw%2C+D.&rft.au=Hunter%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-53\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-53\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/risklist.html\">“MineralsUK Risk List 2015”<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MineralsUK+Risk+List+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgs.ac.uk%2Fmineralsuk%2Fstatistics%2Frisklist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-54\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-54\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0297\">“Review of the list of critical raw materials for the EU and the implementation of the Raw Materials Initiative”<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+the+list+of+critical+raw+materials+for+the+EU+and+the+implementation+of+the+Raw+Materials+Initiative&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2Flegal-content%2FEN%2FTXT%2F%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A52014DC0297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-55\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-55\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/americanresources.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/ARPN_Quarterly_Report_WEB.pdf\">“American Resources Policy Network Report”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Resources+Policy+Network+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanresources.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F06%2FARPN_Quarterly_Report_WEB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-56\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-56\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/growth\/sectors\/raw-materials\/specific-interest\/critical_en\">“Critical Raw Materials”<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Critical+Raw+Materials&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fgrowth%2Fsectors%2Fraw-materials%2Fspecific-interest%2Fcritical_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-57\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-57\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Weil, Edward D.; Levchik, Sergei V. (4 June 2009). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ZG9VFSBnIPAC&pg=PA61\">“Antimony trioxide and Related Compounds”<\/a>. Flame retardants for plastics and textiles: Practical applications<\/i>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-3-446-41652-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-3-446-41652-9\"><bdi>978-3-446-41652-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antimony+trioxide+and+Related+Compounds&rft.btitle=Flame+retardants+for+plastics+and+textiles%3A+Practical+applications&rft.date=2009-06-04&rft.isbn=978-3-446-41652-9&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Edward+D.&rft.au=Levchik%2C+Sergei+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZG9VFSBnIPAC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-58\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-58\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Hastie, John W. (1973). “Mass spectrometric studies of flame inhibition: Analysis of antimony trihalides in flames”. Combustion and Flame<\/i>. 21<\/b>: 49. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0010-2180%2873%2990006-0\">10.1016\/0010-2180(73)90006-0<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Combustion+and+Flame&rft.atitle=Mass+spectrometric+studies+of+flame+inhibition%3A+Analysis+of+antimony+trihalides+in+flames&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=49&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0010-2180%2873%2990006-0&rft.aulast=Hastie&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-59\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-59\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Weil, Edward D.; Levchik, Sergei V. (4 June 2009). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ZG9VFSBnIPAC&pg=PA15\">Flame retardants for plastics and textiles: Practical applications<\/i><\/a>. pp. 15\u201316. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-3-446-41652-9\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-3-446-41652-9\"><bdi>978-3-446-41652-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flame+retardants+for+plastics+and+textiles%3A+Practical+applications&rft.pages=15-16&rft.date=2009-06-04&rft.isbn=978-3-446-41652-9&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Edward+D.&rft.au=Levchik%2C+Sergei+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZG9VFSBnIPAC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-60\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-60\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Kiehne, Heinz Albert (2003). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=1HSsx9fPAKkC&pg=PA60\">“Types of Alloys”<\/a>. Battery Technology Handbook<\/i>. CRC Press. pp. 60\u201361. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8247-4249-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8247-4249-2\"><bdi>978-0-8247-4249-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Types+of+Alloys&rft.btitle=Battery+Technology+Handbook&rft.pages=60-61&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-4249-2&rft.aulast=Kiehne&rft.aufirst=Heinz+Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D1HSsx9fPAKkC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-61\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-61\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Williams, Robert S. (2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=KR82QRlAgUwC&pg=PA46\">Principles of Metallography<\/i><\/a>. Read books. pp. 46\u201347. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4067-4671-6\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4067-4671-6\"><bdi>978-1-4067-4671-6<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Metallography&rft.pages=46-47&rft.pub=Read+books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4067-4671-6&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DKR82QRlAgUwC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-62\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-62\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Holmyard, E. J. (2008). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=IYZezyEvZ78C&pg=PA399\">Inorganic Chemistry \u2013 A Textbook for Colleges and Schools<\/i><\/a>. Read Books<\/i>. pp. 399\u2013400. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4437-2253-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4437-2253-7\"><bdi>978-1-4437-2253-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry+%E2%80%93+A+Textbook+for+Colleges+and+Schools&rft.pages=399-400&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4437-2253-7&rft.aulast=Holmyard&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DIYZezyEvZ78C%26pg%3DPA399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-63\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-63\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Ipser, H.; Flandorfer, H.; Luef, Ch.; Schmetterer, C.; Saeed, U. (2007). “Thermodynamics and phase diagrams of lead-free solder materials”. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics<\/i>. 18<\/b> (1\u20133): 3\u201317. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs10854-006-9009-3\">10.1007\/s10854-006-9009-3<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Materials+Science%3A+Materials+in+Electronics&rft.atitle=Thermodynamics+and+phase+diagrams+of+lead-free+solder+materials&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=3-17&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10854-006-9009-3&rft.aulast=Ipser&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Flandorfer%2C+H.&rft.au=Luef%2C+Ch.&rft.au=Schmetterer%2C+C.&rft.au=Saeed%2C+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-64\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-64\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Hull, Charles (1992). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=3_zyycVRw18C\">Pewter<\/i><\/a>. Osprey Publishing. pp. 1\u20135. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7478-0152-8\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7478-0152-8\"><bdi>978-0-7478-0152-8<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pewter&rft.pages=1-5&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7478-0152-8&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D3_zyycVRw18C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-65\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-65\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">De Jong, Bernard H. W. S.; Beerkens, Ruud G. C.; Van Nijnatten, Peter A. (2000). “Glass”. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry<\/i>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2F14356007.a12_365\">10.1002\/14356007.a12_365<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-3-527-30673-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-3-527-30673-2\"><bdi>978-3-527-30673-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Glass&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a12_365&rft.isbn=978-3-527-30673-2&rft.aulast=De+Jong&rft.aufirst=Bernard+H.+W.+S.&rft.au=Beerkens%2C+Ruud+G.+C.&rft.au=Van+Nijnatten%2C+Peter+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-66\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-66\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Yamashita, H.; Yamaguchi, S.; Nishimura, R.; Maekawa, T. (2001). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eurochem.cz\/polavolt\/anorg\/systemat\/sb\/navody%5Ca17_0045.pdf\">“Voltammetric Studies of Antimony Ions in Soda-lime-silica Glass Melts up to 1873 K”<\/a> (PDF)<\/span>. Analytical Sciences<\/i>. 17<\/b> (1): 45\u201350. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.2116%2Fanalsci.17.45\">10.2116\/analsci.17.45<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11993676\">11993676<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Voltammetric+Studies+of+Antimony+Ions+in+Soda-lime-silica+Glass+Melts+up+to+1873+K&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-50&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2116%2Fanalsci.17.45&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11993676&rft.aulast=Yamashita&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+S.&rft.au=Nishimura%2C+R.&rft.au=Maekawa%2C+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurochem.cz%2Fpolavolt%2Fanorg%2Fsystemat%2Fsb%2Fnavody%255Ca17_0045.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-67\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-67\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">O’Mara, William C.; Herring, Robert B.; Hunt, Lee Philip (1990). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=COcVgAtqeKkC&pg=PA473\">Handbook of semiconductor silicon technology<\/i><\/a>. William Andrew. p. 473. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8155-1237-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8155-1237-0\"><bdi>978-0-8155-1237-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+semiconductor+silicon+technology&rft.pages=473&rft.pub=William+Andrew&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8155-1237-0&rft.aulast=O%27Mara&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft.au=Herring%2C+Robert+B.&rft.au=Hunt%2C+Lee+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCOcVgAtqeKkC%26pg%3DPA473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-68\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-68\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Maiti, C. K. (2008). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=_7fOlKRDcCkC&pg=PA101\">Selected Works of Professor Herbert Kroemer<\/i><\/a>. World Scientific, 2008. p. 101. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-981-270-901-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-981-270-901-1\"><bdi>978-981-270-901-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Works+of+Professor+Herbert+Kroemer&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=World+Scientific%2C+2008&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-981-270-901-1&rft.aulast=Maiti&rft.aufirst=C.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D_7fOlKRDcCkC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-69\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-69\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Committee On New Sensor Technologies: Materials And Applications, National Research Council (U.S.) (1995). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=X-qeJG1k2jwC&pg=PA68\">Expanding the vision of sensor materials<\/i><\/a>. p. 68. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-309-05175-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-309-05175-0\"><bdi>978-0-309-05175-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expanding+the+vision+of+sensor+materials&rft.pages=68&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-309-05175-0&rft.aulast=Committee+On+New+Sensor+Technologies%3A+Materials+And+Applications&rft.aufirst=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX-qeJG1k2jwC%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-70\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-70\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Kinch, Michael A (2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=wBQCKN_GKhAC&pg=PA35\">Fundamentals of infrared detector materials<\/i><\/a>. p. 35. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8194-6731-7\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8194-6731-7\"><bdi>978-0-8194-6731-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+infrared+detector+materials&rft.pages=35&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8194-6731-7&rft.au=Kinch%2C+Michael+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwBQCKN_GKhAC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-71\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-71\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Willardson, Robert K & Beer, Albert C (1970). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=WR4_GzaAQM0C&pg=PA15\">Infrared detectors<\/i><\/a>. p. 15. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-752105-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-752105-3\"><bdi>978-0-12-752105-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infrared+detectors&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-12-752105-3&rft.au=Willardson%2C+Robert+K&rft.au=Beer%2C+Albert+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWR4_GzaAQM0C%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-72\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-72\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Russell, Colin A. (2000). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1064207\">“Antimony’s Curious History”<\/a>. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London<\/i>. 54<\/b> (1): 115\u2013116. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frsnr.2000.0101\">10.1098\/rsnr.2000.0101<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/532063\">532063<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Central\" title=\"PubMed Central\">PMC<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1064207\">1064207<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Antimony%27s+Curious+History&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=115-116&rft.date=2000&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1064207&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F532063&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2000.0101&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Colin+A.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1064207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-73\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-73\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Harder, A. (2002). “Chemotherapeutic approaches to schistosomes: Current knowledge and outlook”. Parasitology Research<\/i>. 88<\/b> (5): 395\u20137. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs00436-001-0588-x\">10.1007\/s00436-001-0588-x<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12049454\">12049454<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology+Research&rft.atitle=Chemotherapeutic+approaches+to+schistosomes%3A+Current+knowledge+and+outlook&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=395-7&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00436-001-0588-x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12049454&rft.au=Harder%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-74\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-74\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Kassirsky, I. A.; Plotnikov, N. N. (1 August 2003). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=JAkOtJsGqiQC&pg=PA262\">Diseases of Warm Lands: A Clinical Manual<\/i><\/a>. pp. 262\u2013265. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4102-0789-0\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4102-0789-0\"><bdi>978-1-4102-0789-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diseases+of+Warm+Lands%3A+A+Clinical+Manual&rft.pages=262-265&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4102-0789-0&rft.aulast=Kassirsky&rft.aufirst=I.+A.&rft.au=Plotnikov%2C+N.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJAkOtJsGqiQC%26pg%3DPA262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-75\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-75\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Organisation Mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (1995). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=bXhn6Gzxwu0C&pg=PA19\">Drugs used in parasitic diseases<\/i><\/a>. pp. 19\u201321. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-92-4-140104-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-92-4-140104-3\"><bdi>978-92-4-140104-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drugs+used+in+parasitic+diseases&rft.pages=19-21&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-92-4-140104-3&rft.au=Organisation+Mondiale+de+la+Sant%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXhn6Gzxwu0C%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-76\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-76\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">McCallum, R. I. (1999). Antimony in medical history: an account of the medical uses of antimony and its compounds since early times to the present<\/i>. Pentland Press. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-85821-642-3\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-85821-642-3\"><bdi>978-1-85821-642-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antimony+in+medical+history%3A+an+account+of+the+medical+uses+of+antimony+and+its+compounds+since+early+times+to+the+present&rft.pub=Pentland+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85821-642-3&rft.au=McCallum%2C+R.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Trends-77\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Trends_77-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">National Research Council (1970). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/?id=TyQrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA50\">Trends in usage of antimony: report<\/i><\/a>. National Academies. p. 50.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trends+in+usage+of+antimony%3A+report&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=National+Academies&rft.date=1970&rft.au=National+Research+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DTyQrAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-78\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-78\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Stellman, Jeanne Mager (1998). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=nDhpLa1rl44C&pg=PT109\">Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety: Chemical, industries and occupations<\/i><\/a>. p. 109. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-92-2-109816-4\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-92-2-109816-4\"><bdi>978-92-2-109816-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Occupational+Health+and+Safety%3A+Chemical%2C+industries+and+occupations&rft.pages=109&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-92-2-109816-4&rft.au=Stellman%2C+Jeanne+Mager&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnDhpLa1rl44C%26pg%3DPT109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-79\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-79\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Jang, H & Kim, S. (2000). “The effects of antimony trisulfide Sb S and zirconium silicate in the automotive brake friction material on friction”. Journal of Wear<\/i>. 239<\/b> (2): 229. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fs0043-1648%2800%2900314-8\">10.1016\/s0043-1648(00)00314-8<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wear&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+antimony+trisulfide+Sb+S+and+zirconium+silicate+in+the+automotive+brake+friction+material+on+friction&rft.volume=239&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=229&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0043-1648%2800%2900314-8&rft.au=Jang%2C+H&rft.au=Kim%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-80\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-80\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Randich, Erik; Duerfeldt, Wayne; McLendon, Wade; Tobin, William (2002). “A metallurgical review of the interpretation of bullet lead compositional analysis”. Forensic Science International<\/i>. 127<\/b> (3): 174\u201391. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0379-0738%2802%2900118-4\">10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00118-4<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12175947\">12175947<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+International&rft.atitle=A+metallurgical+review+of+the+interpretation+of+bullet+lead+compositional+analysis&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=174-91&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0379-0738%2802%2900118-4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12175947&rft.aulast=Randich&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.au=Duerfeldt%2C+Wayne&rft.au=McLendon%2C+Wade&rft.au=Tobin%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-81\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-81\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Lalovic, M.; Werle, H. (1970). “The energy distribution of antimonyberyllium photoneutrons”. Journal of Nuclear Energy<\/i>. 24<\/b> (3): 123. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1970JNuE...24..123L\">1970JNuE…24..123L<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0022-3107%2870%2990058-4\">10.1016\/0022-3107(70)90058-4<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.atitle=The+energy+distribution+of+antimonyberyllium+photoneutrons&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=123&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-3107%2870%2990058-4&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1970JNuE...24..123L&rft.aulast=Lalovic&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Werle%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-82\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-82\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\">Ahmed, Syed Naeem (2007). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=3KdmdcGbBywC&pg=PA51\">Physics and engineering of radiation detection<\/i><\/a>. p. 51. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2007perd.book.....A\">2007perd.book…..A<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-045581-2\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-12-045581-2\"><bdi>978-0-12-045581-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+and+engineering+of+radiation+detection&rft.pages=51&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007perd.book.....A&rft.isbn=978-0-12-045581-2&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Syed+Naeem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3KdmdcGbBywC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-83\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-83\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Schmitt, H (1960). “Determination of the energy of antimony-beryllium photoneutrons”. Nuclear Physics<\/i>. 20<\/b>: 220. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Bibcode\" title=\"Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1960NucPh..20..220S\">1960NucPh..20..220S<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0029-5582%2860%2990171-1\">10.1016\/0029-5582(60)90171-1<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+energy+of+antimony-beryllium+photoneutrons&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=220&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0029-5582%2860%2990171-1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1960NucPh..20..220S&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-84\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-84\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite id=\"CITEREFRabbeinu_Hananel1995\" class=\"citation\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chananel_ben_Chushiel\" title=\"Chananel ben Chushiel\">Rabbeinu Hananel<\/a> (1995), “Rabbeinu Hananel’s Commentary on Tractate Shabbat”, in Metzger, David (ed.), Perushe Rabenu \u1e24anan\u02bcel Bar \u1e24ushi\u02bcel la-Talmud<\/i> (in Hebrew), Jerusalem: Mekhon ‘Lev Samea\u1e25’, p. 215 (Shabbat 109a), <a href=\"\/wiki\/OCLC\" title=\"OCLC\">OCLC<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/319767989\">319767989<\/a><\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rabbeinu+Hananel%27s+Commentary+on+Tractate+Shabbat&rft.btitle=Perushe+Rabenu+%E1%B8%A4anan%CA%BCel+Bar+%E1%B8%A4ushi%CA%BCel+la-Talmud&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=215+%28Shabbat+109a%29&rft.pub=Mekhon+%27Lev+Samea%E1%B8%A5%27&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F319767989&rft.au=Rabbeinu+Hananel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-85\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_85-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_85-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_85-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_85-3\">d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\">NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/npg\/npgd0036.html\">“#0036”<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health\" title=\"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health\">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health<\/a> (NIOSH).<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%230036&rft.pub=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+%28NIOSH%29&rft.au=NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0036.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-86\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-86\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> Wakayama, Hiroshi (2003) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nilim.go.jp\/lab\/bcg\/siryou\/tnn\/tnn0264pdf\/ks0264011.pdf\">“Revision of Drinking Water Standards in Japan”<\/a>, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan); Table 2, p. 84<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-shotyk-87\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-shotyk_87-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Shotyk, W.; Krachler, M.; Chen, B. (2006). “Contamination of Canadian and European bottled waters with antimony from PET containers”. Journal of Environmental Monitoring<\/i>. 8<\/b> (2): 288\u201392. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1039%2Fb517844b\">10.1039\/b517844b<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16470261\">16470261<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Contamination+of+Canadian+and+European+bottled+waters+with+antimony+from+PET+containers&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=288-92&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fb517844b&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16470261&rft.au=Shotyk%2C+W.&rft.au=Krachler%2C+M.&rft.au=Chen%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-88\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-88\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation book\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/44584\/1\/9789241548151_eng.pdf\">Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality<\/i><\/a> (PDF)<\/span> (4th ed.). World Health Organization. 2011. p. 314. <a href=\"\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-92-4-154815-1\" title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-92-4-154815-1\"><bdi>978-92-4-154815-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+Drinking-water+Quality&rft.pages=314&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-92-4-154815-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fbitstream%2F10665%2F44584%2F1%2F9789241548151_eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-atsdr.cdc.gov-89\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-atsdr.cdc.gov_89-0\">a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-atsdr.cdc.gov_89-1\">b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-atsdr.cdc.gov_89-2\">c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp23.pdf\">https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp23.pdf<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-90\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-90\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/antimony-poisoning\">“Antimony poisoning”<\/a>. Encyclopedia Britannica<\/i>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Antimony+poisoning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fantimony-poisoning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-91\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-91\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <cite class=\"citation journal\">Sundar, S; Chakravarty, J (2010). <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3037053\">“Antimony Toxicity”<\/a>. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health<\/i>. 7<\/b> (12): 4267\u20134277. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fijerph7124267\">10.3390\/ijerph7124267<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Central\" title=\"PubMed Central\">PMC<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3037053\">3037053<\/a><\/span>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"PubMed Identifier\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21318007\">21318007<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Research+and+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Antimony+Toxicity&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=4267-4277&rft.date=2010&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3037053&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21318007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijerph7124267&rft.aulast=Sundar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Chakravarty%2C+J&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3037053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<h2>Bibliography<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=27\" title=\"Edit section: Bibliography\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul><li><cite class=\"citation journal\">Endlich, F. M. (1888). “On Some Interesting Derivations of Mineral Names”. The American Naturalist<\/i>. 22<\/b> (253): 21\u201332 [28]. <a href=\"\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" title=\"Digital object identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F274630\">10.1086\/274630<\/a>. <a href=\"\/wiki\/JSTOR\" title=\"JSTOR\">JSTOR<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2451020\">2451020<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=On+Some+Interesting+Derivations+of+Mineral+Names&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=253&rft.pages=21-32+28&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F274630&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2451020&rft.au=Endlich%2C+F.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntimony\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088\"\/><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Edmund_Oscar_von_Lippmann\" title=\"Edmund Oscar von Lippmann\">Edmund Oscar von Lippmann<\/a> (1919) Entstehung und Ausbreitung der Alchemie, teil 1. Berlin: Julius Springer (in German).<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090115095847\/http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/phs23.html\">Public Health Statement for Antimony<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>External links<\/span>[<\/span><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&section=28\" title=\"Edit section: External links\">edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<table role=\"presentation\" class=\"mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox\" style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td class=\"mbox-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"30\" height=\"40\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"1376\" \/><\/td>\n<td class=\"mbox-text plainlist\">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"commons:Antimony\">Antimony<\/a><\/b><\/i>.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<table role=\"presentation\" class=\"mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox\" style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td class=\"mbox-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg\/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"noviewer\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg\/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg\/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/td>\n<td class=\"mbox-text plainlist\">Look up <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/antimony\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wiktionary:antimony\">antimony<\/a><\/b><\/i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.antimony.com\/\">International Antimony Association vzw (i2a<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rsc.org\/chemistryworld\/podcast\/element.asp\">Chemistry in its element podcast<\/a> (MP3) from the <a href=\"\/wiki\/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry\" title=\"Royal Society of Chemistry\">Royal Society of Chemistry<\/a>‘s <a href=\"\/wiki\/Chemistry_World\" title=\"Chemistry World\">Chemistry World<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rsc.org\/images\/CIIE_antimony_48kbps_tcm18-128033.mp3\">Antimony<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.periodicvideos.com\/videos\/051.htm\">Antimony<\/a> at <a href=\"\/wiki\/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"The Periodic Table of Videos\">The Periodic Table of Videos<\/a><\/i> (University of Nottingham)<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/npg\/npgd0036.html\">CDC \u2013 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards \u2013 Antimony<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Periodic_table_(Large_cells)\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div class=\"plainlinks hlist navbar mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)\" title=\"Template:Periodic table (32 columns, compact)\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">v<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template_talk:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)\" title=\"Template talk:Periodic table (32 columns, compact)\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">t<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)&action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">e<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div id=\"Periodic_table_(Large_cells)\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Periodic_table\" title=\"Periodic table\">Periodic table<\/a> <a href=\"\/wiki\/Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_detailed_cells)\" title=\"Template:Periodic table (32 columns, detailed cells)\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\"\/>(Large cells)<\/small><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"table-layout:fixed; width:100%;\" aria-describedby=\"periodic-table-legend\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<td style=\"line-height:100%;\">\n<\/td>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Alkali_metal\" title=\"Alkali metal\">1<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Alkaline_earth_metal\" title=\"Alkaline earth metal\">2<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_3_element\" title=\"Group 3 element\">3<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td colspan=\"14\">\n<\/td>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_4_element\" title=\"Group 4 element\">4<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_5_element\" title=\"Group 5 element\">5<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_6_element\" title=\"Group 6 element\">6<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_7_element\" title=\"Group 7 element\">7<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_8_element\" title=\"Group 8 element\">8<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_9_element\" title=\"Group 9 element\">9<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_10_element\" title=\"Group 10 element\">10<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_11_element\" title=\"Group 11 element\">11<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Group_12_element\" title=\"Group 12 element\">12<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Boron_group\" title=\"Boron group\">13<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Carbon_group\" title=\"Carbon group\">14<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Pnictogen\" title=\"Pnictogen\">15<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chalcogen\" title=\"Chalcogen\">16<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Halogen\" title=\"Halogen\">17<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Noble_gas\" title=\"Noble gas\">18<\/a>\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_1_element\" title=\"Period 1 element\">1<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Hydrogen, 1 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hydrogen\" title=\"Hydrogen\">H<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"30\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Helium, 2 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Helium\" title=\"Helium\">He<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_2_element\" title=\"Period 2 element\">2<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Lithium, 3 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lithium\" title=\"Lithium\">Li<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Beryllium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Beryllium\" title=\"Beryllium\">Be<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"24\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Boron, 5 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Boron\" title=\"Boron\">B<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Carbon, 6 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Carbon\" title=\"Carbon\">C<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Nitrogen, 7 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nitrogen\" title=\"Nitrogen\">N<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Oxygen, 8 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oxygen\" title=\"Oxygen\">O<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Fluorine, 9 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Fluorine\" title=\"Fluorine\">F<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Neon, 10 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neon\" title=\"Neon\">Ne<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_3_element\" title=\"Period 3 element\">3<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Sodium, 11 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Sodium\" title=\"Sodium\">Na<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Magnesium\" title=\"Magnesium\">Mg<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"24\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Aluminium\" title=\"Aluminium\">Al<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Silicon, 14 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Silicon\" title=\"Silicon\">Si<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Phosphorus, 15 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Phosphorus\" title=\"Phosphorus\">P<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Sulfur, 16 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Sulfur\" title=\"Sulfur\">S<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Chlorine, 17 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chlorine\" title=\"Chlorine\">Cl<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Argon, 18 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Argon\" title=\"Argon\">Ar<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_4_element\" title=\"Period 4 element\">4<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Potassium, 19 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Potassium\" title=\"Potassium\">K<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Calcium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Calcium\" title=\"Calcium\">Ca<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Scandium, 21 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Scandium\" title=\"Scandium\">Sc<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"14\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Titanium, 22 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Titanium\" title=\"Titanium\">Ti<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Vanadium\" title=\"Vanadium\">V<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Chromium, 24 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Chromium\" title=\"Chromium\">Cr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Manganese, 25 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Manganese\" title=\"Manganese\">Mn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Iron, 26 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iron\" title=\"Iron\">Fe<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Cobalt, 27 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cobalt\" title=\"Cobalt\">Co<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Nickel, 28 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nickel\" title=\"Nickel\">Ni<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Copper, 29 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Copper\" title=\"Copper\">Cu<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Zinc, 30 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Zinc\" title=\"Zinc\">Zn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Gallium, 31 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gallium\" title=\"Gallium\">Ga<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Germanium, 32 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Germanium\" title=\"Germanium\">Ge<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Arsenic, 33 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Arsenic\" title=\"Arsenic\">As<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Selenium, 34 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Selenium\" title=\"Selenium\">Se<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Bromine, 35 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bromine\" title=\"Bromine\">Br<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Krypton, 36 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Krypton\" title=\"Krypton\">Kr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_5_element\" title=\"Period 5 element\">5<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rubidium\" title=\"Rubidium\">Rb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Strontium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Strontium\" title=\"Strontium\">Sr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Yttrium, 39 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Yttrium\" title=\"Yttrium\">Y<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"14\">\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Zirconium, 40 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Zirconium\" title=\"Zirconium\">Zr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Niobium, 41 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Niobium\" title=\"Niobium\">Nb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Molybdenum, 42 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Molybdenum\" title=\"Molybdenum\">Mo<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Technetium, 43 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Technetium\" title=\"Technetium\">Tc<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Ruthenium, 44 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ruthenium\" title=\"Ruthenium\">Ru<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Rhodium, 45 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rhodium\" title=\"Rhodium\">Rh<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Palladium, 46 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Palladium\" title=\"Palladium\">Pd<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Silver, 47 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Silver\" title=\"Silver\">Ag<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Cadmium, 48 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cadmium\" title=\"Cadmium\">Cd<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Indium\" title=\"Indium\">In<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tin, 50 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tin\" title=\"Tin\">Sn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Antimony, 51 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black; ;\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Sb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tellurium, 52 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tellurium\" title=\"Tellurium\">Te<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Iodine, 53 (reactive nonmetal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#f0ff8f; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iodine\" title=\"Iodine\">I<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Xenon, 54 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Xenon\" title=\"Xenon\">Xe<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_6_element\" title=\"Period 6 element\">6<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Caesium, 55 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Caesium\" title=\"Caesium\">Cs<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Barium\" title=\"Barium\">Ba<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Lanthanum, 57 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lanthanum\" title=\"Lanthanum\">La<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Cerium, 58 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Cerium\" title=\"Cerium\">Ce<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Praseodymium, 59 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Praseodymium\" title=\"Praseodymium\">Pr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Neodymium, 60 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neodymium\" title=\"Neodymium\">Nd<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Promethium, 61 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Promethium\" title=\"Promethium\">Pm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Samarium\" title=\"Samarium\">Sm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Europium, 63 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Europium\" title=\"Europium\">Eu<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gadolinium\" title=\"Gadolinium\">Gd<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Terbium\" title=\"Terbium\">Tb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Dysprosium, 66 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Dysprosium\" title=\"Dysprosium\">Dy<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Holmium\" title=\"Holmium\">Ho<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Erbium\" title=\"Erbium\">Er<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Thulium, 69 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thulium\" title=\"Thulium\">Tm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Ytterbium, 70 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Ytterbium\" title=\"Ytterbium\">Yb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Lutetium, 71 (lanthanide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lutetium\" title=\"Lutetium\">Lu<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hafnium\" title=\"Hafnium\">Hf<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tantalum\" title=\"Tantalum\">Ta<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tungsten, 74 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tungsten\" title=\"Tungsten\">W<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Rhenium, 75 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rhenium\" title=\"Rhenium\">Re<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Osmium, 76 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Osmium\" title=\"Osmium\">Os<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Iridium, 77 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Iridium\" title=\"Iridium\">Ir<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Platinum, 78 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Platinum\" title=\"Platinum\">Pt<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Gold, 79 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Gold\" title=\"Gold\">Au<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Mercury, 80 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mercury_(element)\" title=\"Mercury (element)\">Hg<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Thallium, 81 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thallium\" title=\"Thallium\">Tl<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Lead, 82 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lead\" title=\"Lead\">Pb<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Bismuth, 83 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bismuth\" title=\"Bismuth\">Bi<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">Po<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Astatine, 85 (metalloid)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Astatine\" title=\"Astatine\">At<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Radon, 86 (noble gas)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radon\" title=\"Radon\">Rn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"background:transparent; font-weight:normal;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Period_7_element\" title=\"Period 7 element\">7<\/a>\n<\/th>\n<td title=\"Francium, 87 (alkali metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Francium\" title=\"Francium\">Fr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">Ra<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Actinium, 89 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Actinium\" title=\"Actinium\">Ac<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Thorium, 90 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Thorium\" title=\"Thorium\">Th<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Protactinium, 91 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Protactinium\" title=\"Protactinium\">Pa<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Uranium, 92 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Uranium\" title=\"Uranium\">U<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Neptunium, 93 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Neptunium\" title=\"Neptunium\">Np<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Plutonium, 94 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Plutonium\" title=\"Plutonium\">Pu<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Americium, 95 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Americium\" title=\"Americium\">Am<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Curium, 96 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Curium\" title=\"Curium\">Cm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Berkelium, 97 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Berkelium\" title=\"Berkelium\">Bk<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Californium, 98 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Californium\" title=\"Californium\">Cf<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Einsteinium\" title=\"Einsteinium\">Es<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Fermium, 100 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Fermium\" title=\"Fermium\">Fm<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Mendelevium\" title=\"Mendelevium\">Md<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Nobelium, 102 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nobelium\" title=\"Nobelium\">No<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Lawrencium, 103 (actinide)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lawrencium\" title=\"Lawrencium\">Lr<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Rutherfordium, 104 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Rutherfordium\" title=\"Rutherfordium\">Rf<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Dubnium\" title=\"Dubnium\">Db<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Seaborgium\" title=\"Seaborgium\">Sg<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Bohrium\" title=\"Bohrium\">Bh<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Hassium, 108 (transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Hassium\" title=\"Hassium\">Hs<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Meitnerium\" title=\"Meitnerium\">Mt<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Darmstadtium\" title=\"Darmstadtium\">Ds<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Roentgenium\" title=\"Roentgenium\">Rg<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Copernicium, 112 (post-transition metal)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Copernicium\" title=\"Copernicium\">Cn<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Nihonium\" title=\"Nihonium\">Nh<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Flerovium, 114 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Flerovium\" title=\"Flerovium\">Fl<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Moscovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Moscovium\" title=\"Moscovium\">Mc<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Livermorium\" title=\"Livermorium\">Lv<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Tennessine, 117 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Tennessine\" title=\"Tennessine\">Ts<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td title=\"Oganesson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Oganesson\" title=\"Oganesson\">Og<\/span><\/a>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"><div role=\"presentation\" id=\"periodic-table-legend\" style=\"border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;\"><div style=\"padding:0.3em;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Alkali_metal\" title=\"Alkali metal\">Alkali metal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Alkaline_earth_metal\" title=\"Alkaline earth metal\">Alkaline earth metal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Lanthanide\" title=\"Lanthanide\">Lanthanide<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Actinide\" title=\"Actinide\">Actinide<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Transition_metal\" title=\"Transition metal\">Transition metal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Post-transition_metal\" title=\"Post-transition metal\">Post-transition metal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Metalloid\" title=\"Metalloid\">Metalloid<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#f0ff8f;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Reactive_nonmetal\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Reactive nonmetal\">Reactive nonmetal<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Noble_gas\" title=\"Noble gas\">Noble gas<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;\">Unknown chemical properties\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Antimony_compounds\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div class=\"plainlinks hlist navbar mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template:Antimony_compounds\" title=\"Template:Antimony compounds\"><abbr title=\"View this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">v<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Template_talk:Antimony_compounds\" title=\"Template talk:Antimony compounds\"><abbr title=\"Discuss this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">t<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Template:Antimony_compounds&action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Edit this template\" style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;\">e<\/abbr><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div id=\"Antimony_compounds\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Antimony<\/a> compounds<\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_tribromide\" title=\"Antimony tribromide\">SbBr3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony(III)_acetate\" title=\"Antimony(III) acetate\">Sb(C2<\/sub>H3<\/sub>O2<\/sub>)3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trichloride\" title=\"Antimony trichloride\">SbCl3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentachloride\" title=\"Antimony pentachloride\">SbCl5<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trifluoride\" title=\"Antimony trifluoride\">SbF3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentafluoride\" title=\"Antimony pentafluoride\">SbF5<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Stibine\" title=\"Stibine\">SbH3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_triiodide\" title=\"Antimony triiodide\">SbI3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trioxide\" title=\"Antimony trioxide\">Sb2<\/sub>O3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_tetroxide\" title=\"Antimony tetroxide\">Sb2<\/sub>O4<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentoxide\" title=\"Antimony pentoxide\">Sb2<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_trisulfide\" title=\"Antimony trisulfide\">Sb2<\/sub>S3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_pentasulfide\" title=\"Antimony pentasulfide\">Sb2<\/sub>S5<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_sulfate\" title=\"Antimony sulfate\">Sb2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_triselenide\" title=\"Antimony triselenide\">Sb2<\/sub>Se3<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony_telluride\" title=\"Antimony telluride\">Sb2<\/sub>Te3<\/sub><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Authority_control_frameless_|text-top_|10px_|alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_|link=https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1099|Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"Authority_control_frameless_|text-top_|10px_|alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_|link=https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1099|Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control\" title=\"Help:Authority control\">Authority control<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1099\" title=\"Edit this at Wikidata\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" style=\"vertical-align: text-top\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" \/><\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France\">BNF<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/catalogue.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb120163060\">cb120163060<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb120163060\">(data)<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Integrated_Authority_File\" title=\"Integrated Authority File\">GND<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4002299-7\">4002299-7<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number\" title=\"Library of Congress Control Number\">LCCN<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/subjects\/sh85005702\">sh85005702<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/wiki\/National_Diet_Library\" title=\"National Diet Library\">NDL<\/a>: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/id.ndl.go.jp\/auth\/ndlna\/00560276\">00560276<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<\/div><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"printfooter\">Retrieved from “<a dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&oldid=910247224\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&oldid=910247224<\/a>“<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"catlinks\" class=\"catlinks\" data-mw=\"interface\"><div id=\"mw-normal-catlinks\" class=\"mw-normal-catlinks\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:Category\" title=\"Help:Category\">Categories<\/a>: <ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Antimony\" title=\"Category:Antimony\">Antimony<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Chemical_elements\" title=\"Category:Chemical elements\">Chemical elements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Metalloids\" title=\"Category:Metalloids\">Metalloids<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Native_element_minerals\" title=\"Category:Native element minerals\">Native element minerals<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Nuclear_materials\" title=\"Category:Nuclear materials\">Nuclear materials<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Pnictogens\" title=\"Category:Pnictogens\">Pnictogens<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Trigonal_minerals\" title=\"Category:Trigonal minerals\">Trigonal minerals<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div id=\"mw-hidden-catlinks\" class=\"mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden\">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" title=\"Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)\">CS1 German-language sources (de)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)\" title=\"Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)\">CS1 French-language sources (fr)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" title=\"Category:Webarchive template wayback links\">Webarchive template wayback links<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)\" title=\"Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)\">CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2011\" title=\"Category:Use dmy dates from July 2011\">Use dmy dates from July 2011<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Good_articles\" title=\"Category:Good articles\">Good articles<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_short_description\" title=\"Category:Articles with short description\">Articles with short description<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text\" title=\"Category:Articles containing Latin-language text\">Articles containing Latin-language text<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements\" title=\"Category:All articles with unsourced statements\">All articles with unsourced statements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2013\" title=\"Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013\">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_BNF_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers\">Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_GND_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers\">Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_LCCN_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers\">Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/wiki\/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_NDL_identifiers\" title=\"Category:Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers\">Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id='mw-data-after-content'>\n\t<div class=\"read-more-container\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<div id=\"mw-navigation\">\n\t\t\t<h2>Navigation menu<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div 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[o]\" accesskey=\"o\">Log in<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"left-navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"p-namespaces\" role=\"navigation\" class=\"vectorTabs\" aria-labelledby=\"p-namespaces-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"p-namespaces-label\">Namespaces<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"View the content page [c]\" accesskey=\"c\">Article<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"ca-talk\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Talk:Antimony\" rel=\"discussion\" title=\"Discussion about the content page [t]\" accesskey=\"t\">Talk<\/a><\/span><\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"p-variants\" role=\"navigation\" class=\"vectorMenu emptyPortlet\" aria-labelledby=\"p-variants-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"vectorMenuCheckbox\" aria-labelledby=\"p-variants-label\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 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\u2013 the best of Wikipedia\">Featured content<\/a><\/li><li id=\"n-currentevents\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events\" title=\"Find background information on current events\">Current events<\/a><\/li><li id=\"n-randompage\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:Random\" title=\"Load a random article [x]\" accesskey=\"x\">Random article<\/a><\/li><li id=\"n-sitesupport\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" title=\"Support us\">Donate to Wikipedia<\/a><\/li><li id=\"n-shoplink\"><a href=\"\/\/shop.wikimedia.org\" title=\"Visit the Wikipedia store\">Wikipedia store<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"portal\" role=\"navigation\" id=\"p-interaction\" aria-labelledby=\"p-interaction-label\">\n\t\t\t<h3 id=\"p-interaction-label\">Interaction<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li id=\"n-help\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Help:Contents\" title=\"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\">Help<\/a><\/li><li id=\"n-aboutsite\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Find out about Wikipedia\">About Wikipedia<\/a><\/li><li id=\"n-portal\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal\" title=\"About the project, what you can do, where to find things\">Community portal<\/a><\/li><li id=\"n-recentchanges\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges\" title=\"A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]\" accesskey=\"r\">Recent changes<\/a><\/li><li id=\"n-contactpage\"><a href=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us\" title=\"How to contact Wikipedia\">Contact page<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"portal\" role=\"navigation\" id=\"p-tb\" aria-labelledby=\"p-tb-label\">\n\t\t\t<h3 id=\"p-tb-label\">Tools<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li id=\"t-whatlinkshere\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Antimony\" title=\"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\" accesskey=\"j\">What links here<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-recentchangeslinked\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Antimony\" rel=\"nofollow\" title=\"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\" accesskey=\"k\">Related changes<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-upload\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard\" title=\"Upload files [u]\" accesskey=\"u\">Upload file<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-specialpages\"><a href=\"\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages\" title=\"A list of all special pages [q]\" accesskey=\"q\">Special pages<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-permalink\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&oldid=910247224\" title=\"Permanent link to this revision of the page\">Permanent link<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-info\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&action=info\" title=\"More information about this page\">Page information<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-wikibase\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q1099\" title=\"Link to connected data repository item [g]\" accesskey=\"g\">Wikidata item<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-cite\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Antimony&id=910247224\" title=\"Information on how to cite this page\">Cite this page<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"portal\" role=\"navigation\" id=\"p-wikibase-otherprojects\" aria-labelledby=\"p-wikibase-otherprojects-label\">\n\t\t\t<h3 id=\"p-wikibase-otherprojects-label\">In other projects<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Antimony\" hreflang=\"en\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"portal\" role=\"navigation\" id=\"p-coll-print_export\" aria-labelledby=\"p-coll-print_export-label\">\n\t\t\t<h3 id=\"p-coll-print_export-label\">Print\/export<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li id=\"coll-create_a_book\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Antimony\">Create a book<\/a><\/li><li id=\"coll-download-as-rl\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&page=Antimony&action=show-download-screen\">Download as PDF<\/a><\/li><li id=\"t-print\"><a href=\"\/w\/index.php?title=Antimony&printable=yes\" title=\"Printable version of this page [p]\" accesskey=\"p\">Printable version<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"portal\" role=\"navigation\" id=\"p-lang\" aria-labelledby=\"p-lang-label\">\n\t\t\t<h3 id=\"p-lang-label\">Languages<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-af\"><a href=\"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoon\" title=\"Antimoon \u2013 Afrikaans\" lang=\"af\" hreflang=\"af\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Afrikaans<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-am\"><a href=\"https:\/\/am.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%8D\" title=\"\u12a9\u120d \u2013 Amharic\" lang=\"am\" hreflang=\"am\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ar\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%AF\" title=\"\u0625\u062b\u0645\u062f \u2013 Arabic\" lang=\"ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-an\"><a href=\"https:\/\/an.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Aragonese\" lang=\"an\" hreflang=\"an\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Aragon\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup\"><a href=\"https:\/\/roa-rup.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibiu\" title=\"Stibiu \u2013 Aromanian\" lang=\"rup\" hreflang=\"rup\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Arm\u00e3neashti<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ast\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ast.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoniu\" title=\"Antimoniu \u2013 Asturian\" lang=\"ast\" hreflang=\"ast\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Asturianu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-az\"><a href=\"https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibium\" title=\"Stibium \u2013 Azerbaijani\" lang=\"az\" hreflang=\"az\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF\" title=\"\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ae\u09a8\u09bf \u2013 Bangla\" lang=\"bn\" hreflang=\"bn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Chinese (Min Nan)\" lang=\"nan\" hreflang=\"nan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">B\u00e2n-l\u00e2m-g\u00fa<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be\"><a href=\"https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430 (\u0445\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u044b \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442) \u2013 Belarusian\" lang=\"be\" hreflang=\"be\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old\"><a href=\"https:\/\/be-x-old.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u044b\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Belarusian (Tara\u0161kievica orthography)\" lang=\"be-tarask\" hreflang=\"be-tarask\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f (\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0446\u0430)\u200e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Bhojpuri\" lang=\"bh\" hreflang=\"bh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u092d\u094b\u091c\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Bulgarian\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B6%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D\" title=\"\u0f58\u0f72\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fb6\u0f53\u0f0d \u2013 Tibetan\" lang=\"bo\" hreflang=\"bo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0f56\u0f7c\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f61\u0f72\u0f42<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Bosnian\" lang=\"bs\" hreflang=\"bs\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Bosanski<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-br\"><a href=\"https:\/\/br.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Breton\" lang=\"br\" hreflang=\"br\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Brezhoneg<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ca\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Catalan\" lang=\"ca\" hreflang=\"ca\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Catal\u00e0<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Chuvash\" lang=\"cv\" hreflang=\"cv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0427\u04d1\u0432\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonyo\" title=\"Antimonyo \u2013 Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Cebuano<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Czech\" lang=\"cs\" hreflang=\"cs\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u010ce\u0161tina<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-co\"><a href=\"https:\/\/co.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoniu\" title=\"Antimoniu \u2013 Corsican\" lang=\"co\" hreflang=\"co\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Corsu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Welsh\" lang=\"cy\" hreflang=\"cy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Cymraeg<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-da\"><a href=\"https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Danish\" lang=\"da\" hreflang=\"da\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Dansk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-de\"><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 German\" lang=\"de\" hreflang=\"de\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-et\"><a href=\"https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Estonian\" lang=\"et\" hreflang=\"et\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Eesti<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-el\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\" title=\"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u2013 Greek\" lang=\"el\" hreflang=\"el\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-myv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Erzya\" lang=\"myv\" hreflang=\"myv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u042d\u0440\u0437\u044f\u043d\u044c<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es\"><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimono\" title=\"Antimono \u2013 Esperanto\" lang=\"eo\" hreflang=\"eo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Esperanto<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Euskara<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86\" title=\"\u0622\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u2013 Persian\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hif\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hif.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Fiji Hindi\" lang=\"hif\" hreflang=\"hif\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Fiji Hindi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoine\" title=\"Antimoine \u2013 French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fur\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fur.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Friulian\" lang=\"fur\" hreflang=\"fur\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Furlan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ga\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ga.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antam%C3%B3n\" title=\"Antam\u00f3n \u2013 Irish\" lang=\"ga\" hreflang=\"ga\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Gaeilge<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoan\" title=\"Antimoan \u2013 Manx\" lang=\"gv\" hreflang=\"gv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Gaelg<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gd.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antamonaidh\" title=\"Antamonaidh \u2013 Scottish Gaelic\" lang=\"gd\" hreflang=\"gd\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">G\u00e0idhlig<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Galician\" lang=\"gl\" hreflang=\"gl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Galego<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80\" title=\"\u0a8f\u0a82\u0a9f\u0abf\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u2013 Gujarati\" lang=\"gu\" hreflang=\"gu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0a97\u0ac1\u0a9c\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aa4\u0ac0<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hak\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hak.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Hakka Chinese\" lang=\"hak\" hreflang=\"hak\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8a9e\/Hak-k\u00e2-ng\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-xal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xal.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Kalmyk\" lang=\"xal\" hreflang=\"xal\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0425\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0433<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%95%88%ED%8B%B0%EB%AA%A8%EB%8B%88\" title=\"\uc548\ud2f0\ubaa8\ub2c8 \u2013 Korean\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D4%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%80\" title=\"\u053e\u0561\u0580\u056b\u0580 \u2013 Armenian\" lang=\"hy\" hreflang=\"hy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0540\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0580\u0565\u0576<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hyw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D4%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%80\" title=\"\u053e\u0561\u0580\u056b\u0580 \u2013 Western Armenian\" lang=\"hyw\" hreflang=\"hyw\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0531\u0580\u0565\u0582\u0574\u057f\u0561\u0570\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0580\u0567\u0576<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u0910\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Hindi\" lang=\"hi\" hreflang=\"hi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Croatian\" lang=\"hr\" hreflang=\"hr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Hrvatski<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-io\"><a href=\"https:\/\/io.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Ido\" lang=\"io\" hreflang=\"io\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Ido<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id\"><a href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Indonesian\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ia\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ia.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Interlingua\" lang=\"ia\" hreflang=\"ia\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Interlingua<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-is\"><a href=\"https:\/\/is.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ant%C3%ADmon\" title=\"Ant\u00edmon \u2013 Icelandic\" lang=\"is\" hreflang=\"is\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u00cdslenska<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it\"><a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Italian\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-he\"><a href=\"https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F\" title=\"\u05d0\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05df \u2013 Hebrew\" lang=\"he\" hreflang=\"he\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Javanese\" lang=\"jv\" hreflang=\"jv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Jawa<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kbp.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ant%C9%A9m%CA%8Awan%C9%A9\" title=\"Ant\u0269m\u028awan\u0269 \u2013 Kabiye\" lang=\"kbp\" hreflang=\"kbp\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Kab\u0269y\u025b<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF\" title=\"\u0c86\u0c82\u0c9f\u0cbf\u0cae\u0cca\u0ca8\u0cbf \u2013 Kannada\" lang=\"kn\" hreflang=\"kn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0c95\u0ca8\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0ca1<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pam\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pam.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Pampanga\" lang=\"pam\" hreflang=\"pam\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Kapampangan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ka\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ka.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98\" title=\"\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u2013 Georgian\" lang=\"ka\" hreflang=\"ka\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5\" title=\"\u0421\u04af\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u2013 Kazakh\" lang=\"kk\" hreflang=\"kk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0448\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sw\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibi\" title=\"Stibi \u2013 Swahili\" lang=\"sw\" hreflang=\"sw\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Kiswahili<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Komi\" lang=\"kv\" hreflang=\"kv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ht\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ht.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimw%C3%A0n\" title=\"Antimw\u00e0n \u2013 Haitian Creole\" lang=\"ht\" hreflang=\"ht\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Krey\u00f2l ayisyen<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ku\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ku.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St%C3%AEby%C3%BBm\" title=\"St\u00eeby\u00fbm \u2013 Kurdish\" lang=\"ku\" hreflang=\"ku\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Kurd\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ky\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ky.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Kyrgyz\" lang=\"ky\" hreflang=\"ky\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437\u0447\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mrj.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Western Mari\" lang=\"mrj\" hreflang=\"mrj\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041a\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043a \u043c\u0430\u0440\u044b<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-la\"><a href=\"https:\/\/la.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibium\" title=\"Stibium \u2013 Latin\" lang=\"la\" hreflang=\"la\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Latina<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimons\" title=\"Antimons \u2013 Latvian\" lang=\"lv\" hreflang=\"lv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Latvie\u0161u<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Luxembourgish\" lang=\"lb\" hreflang=\"lb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">L\u00ebtzebuergesch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibis\" title=\"Stibis \u2013 Lithuanian\" lang=\"lt\" hreflang=\"lt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Lietuvi\u0173<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lij\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lij.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Ligurian\" lang=\"lij\" hreflang=\"lij\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Ligure<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-olo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/olo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sur%27ma\" title=\"Sur'ma \u2013 Livvi-Karelian\" lang=\"olo\" hreflang=\"olo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Livvinkarjala<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jbo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/antimoni\" title=\"antimoni \u2013 Lojban\" lang=\"jbo\" hreflang=\"jbo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">La .lojban.<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lmo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonio\" title=\"Antimonio \u2013 Lombard\" lang=\"lmo\" hreflang=\"lmo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Lumbaart<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Hungarian\" lang=\"hu\" hreflang=\"hu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Magyar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Macedonian\" lang=\"mk\" hreflang=\"mk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ml\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF\" title=\"\u0d06\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f \u2013 Malayalam\" lang=\"ml\" hreflang=\"ml\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d02<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u0905\u0901\u091f\u093f\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Marathi\" lang=\"mr\" hreflang=\"mr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0920\u0940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Malay\" lang=\"ms\" hreflang=\"ms\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Bahasa Melayu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cdo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%A0%CC%A4_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)\" title=\"D\u00e0\u0324 (g\u012dng-s\u1e73\u0306k) \u2013 Min Dong Chinese\" lang=\"cdo\" hreflang=\"cdo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">M\u00ecng-d\u0115\u0324ng-ng\u1e73\u0304<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mdf.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u2013 Moksha\" lang=\"mdf\" hreflang=\"mdf\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041c\u043e\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Mongolian\" lang=\"mn\" hreflang=\"mn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-my\"><a href=\"https:\/\/my.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%80%81%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8\" title=\"\u1001\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u2013 Burmese\" lang=\"my\" hreflang=\"my\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoon\" title=\"Antimoon \u2013 Dutch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Nederlands<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ne\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ne.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Nepali\" lang=\"ne\" hreflang=\"ne\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-new\"><a href=\"https:\/\/new.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Newari\" lang=\"new\" hreflang=\"new\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3\" title=\"\u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30e2\u30f3 \u2013 Japanese\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-frr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoon\" title=\"Antimoon \u2013 Northern Frisian\" lang=\"frr\" hreflang=\"frr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Nordfriisk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Norwegian\" lang=\"no\" hreflang=\"no\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Norsk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Norwegian Nynorsk\" lang=\"nn\" hreflang=\"nn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Norsk nynorsk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-oc\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antim%C3%B2ni\" title=\"Antim\u00f2ni \u2013 Occitan\" lang=\"oc\" hreflang=\"oc\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Occitan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-or\"><a href=\"https:\/\/or.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF\" title=\"\u0b06\u0b23\u0b4d\u0b1f\u0b3f\u0b2e\u0b4b\u0b28\u0b3f \u2013 Odia\" lang=\"or\" hreflang=\"or\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0b13\u0b21\u0b3c\u0b3f\u0b06<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uz\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surma\" title=\"Surma \u2013 Uzbek\" lang=\"uz\" hreflang=\"uz\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">O\u02bbzbekcha\/\u045e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0447\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80\" title=\"\u0a10\u0a02\u0a1f\u0a40\u0a2e\u0a28\u0a40 \u2013 Punjabi\" lang=\"pa\" hreflang=\"pa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Pali\" lang=\"pi\" hreflang=\"pi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pnb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C\" title=\"\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u2013 Western Punjabi\" lang=\"pnb\" hreflang=\"pnb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Piedmontese\" lang=\"pms\" hreflang=\"pms\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Piemont\u00e8is<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nds\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nds.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Low German\" lang=\"nds\" hreflang=\"nds\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Plattd\u00fc\u00fctsch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antymon\" title=\"Antymon \u2013 Polish\" lang=\"pl\" hreflang=\"pl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Polski<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antim%C3%B4nio\" title=\"Antim\u00f4nio \u2013 Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ro\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stibiu\" title=\"Stibiu \u2013 Romanian\" lang=\"ro\" hreflang=\"ro\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-qu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/qu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimunyu\" title=\"Antimunyu \u2013 Quechua\" lang=\"qu\" hreflang=\"qu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Runa Simi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Russian\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u090f\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u2013 Sanskrit\" lang=\"sa\" hreflang=\"sa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u092e\u094d<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sco\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sco.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Scots\" lang=\"sco\" hreflang=\"sco\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Scots<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-stq\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Saterland Frisian\" lang=\"stq\" hreflang=\"stq\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Seeltersk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sq\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Albanian\" lang=\"sq\" hreflang=\"sq\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Shqip<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-scn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoniu\" title=\"Antimoniu \u2013 Sicilian\" lang=\"scn\" hreflang=\"scn\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Sicilianu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-simple\"><a href=\"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Simple English\" lang=\"en-simple\" hreflang=\"en-simple\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Simple English<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antim%C3%B3n\" title=\"Antim\u00f3n \u2013 Slovak\" lang=\"sk\" hreflang=\"sk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Sloven\u010dina<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Slovenian\" lang=\"sl\" hreflang=\"sl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Sloven\u0161\u010dina<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-so\"><a href=\"https:\/\/so.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Somali\" lang=\"so\" hreflang=\"so\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Soomaaliga<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ckb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86\" title=\"\u0626\u06d5\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u2013 Central Kurdish\" lang=\"ckb\" hreflang=\"ckb\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u2013 Serbian\" lang=\"sr\" hreflang=\"sr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ srpski<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Serbo-Croatian\" lang=\"sh\" hreflang=\"sh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Srpskohrvatski \/ \u0441\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimoni\" title=\"Antimoni \u2013 Finnish\" lang=\"fi\" hreflang=\"fi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Suomi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Swedish\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Svenska<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonyo\" title=\"Antimonyo \u2013 Tagalog\" lang=\"tl\" hreflang=\"tl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Tagalog<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ta.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF\" title=\"\u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf \u2013 Tamil\" lang=\"ta\" hreflang=\"ta\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99\" title=\"\u0421\u04e9\u0440\u043c\u04d9 \u2013 Tatar\" lang=\"tt\" hreflang=\"tt\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0430\/tatar\u00e7a<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-te\"><a href=\"https:\/\/te.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF\" title=\"\u0c06\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c2e\u0c4a\u0c28\u0c3f \u2013 Telugu\" lang=\"te\" hreflang=\"te\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0c24\u0c46\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87\" title=\"\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07 \u2013 Thai\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0421\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u2013 Tajik\" lang=\"tg\" hreflang=\"tg\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0422\u043e\u04b7\u0438\u043a\u04e3<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Turkish\" lang=\"tr\" hreflang=\"tr\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uk\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9\" title=\"\u0421\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0439 \u2013 Ukrainian\" lang=\"uk\" hreflang=\"uk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ur\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ur.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%DA%A9%D8%AD%D9%84\" title=\"\u06a9\u062d\u0644 \u2013 Urdu\" lang=\"ur\" hreflang=\"ur\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ug\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ug.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95\" title=\"\u0633\u06c8\u0631\u0645\u06d5 \u2013 Uyghur\" lang=\"ug\" hreflang=\"ug\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u0626\u06c7\u064a\u063a\u06c7\u0631\u0686\u06d5 \/ Uyghurche<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vep\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vep.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonii\" title=\"Antimonii \u2013 Veps\" lang=\"vep\" hreflang=\"vep\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Veps\u00e4n kel\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimon\" title=\"Antimon \u2013 Vietnamese\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh-classical.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%8A%BB\" title=\"\u92bb \u2013 Classical Chinese\" lang=\"lzh\" hreflang=\"lzh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u6587\u8a00<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-war\"><a href=\"https:\/\/war.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimonyo\" title=\"Antimonyo \u2013 Waray\" lang=\"war\" hreflang=\"war\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">Winaray<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wuu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%94%91\" title=\"\u9511 \u2013 Wu Chinese\" lang=\"wuu\" hreflang=\"wuu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u5434\u8bed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%96\" title=\"\u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05d6\u05d2\u05dc\u05d0\u05d6 \u2013 Yiddish\" lang=\"yi\" hreflang=\"yi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\">\u05d9\u05d9\u05b4\u05d3\u05d9\u05e9<\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antimony\" title=\"Antimony \u2013 Yoruba\" lang=\"yo\" hreflang=\"yo\" 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